Keywords
COVID-19 infection, COVID-19 Vaccination, Booster dose, Seroprevalence, Prevention
Abstract
Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic is having a huge impact on human health with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Healthcare Workers (HCWs) are one of the most at risk categories to contract the infection. Effective anti-COVID-19 vaccines were approved in a very short time. Making the 1st booster dose is essential to induce a good protection against the infection.
Methods. We conducted a retrospective sero-epidemiological survey of already existing data concerning the antibody response of a HCWs sample vaccinated with the primary cycle and the 1st booster dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 mRNA vaccine and, specifically, after three weeks from the third dose of vaccination.
Results. In our analysis, after the primary cycle, a 95.15% efficacy was detected. Among the non-responders, women were significantly more frequent (69.56%). Moreover, we found a significant reverse correlation between the immune response and the age of the sample, especially in women. However, the 1st booster dose completely cancelled these differences.
Conclusions. Our data are perfectly in line with what has been declared by the conducted studies in terms of efficacy. However, it is important to highlight that people with only the primary cycle are at high risk to contract the COVID-19 infection. Therefore, it is necessary to not consider people vaccinated with the primary cycle completely risk-free and to stress the importance to perform the 1st booster dose.
References
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[21]. Galanis P, Vraka I, Fragkou D, Bilali A, Kaitelidou D. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and associated factors in health care workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hosp Infect 2021;108:120-134. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.11.008.
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[23]. Epicentro. Comirnaty (BNT162b2), il primo vaccino contro il COVID-19 approvato in Europa e in Italia. (2021). Available at: https://www.epicentro.iss.it/vaccini/covid-19-vaccino-pfizer-biontech. (Accessed on: 21/08/2022).
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[27]. Calimeri S, La Fauci V, Squeri R, Lo Giudice D. Susceptibility to measles among health workers in a university hospital in southern Italy. Clin Ter 2020;171(6):e486-e489. doi: 10.7417/CT.2020.2262.
[28]. Di Pietro A, Visalli G, Antonuccio GM, Facciolà A. Today's vaccination policies in Italy: The National Plan for Vaccine Prevention 2017-2019 and the Law 119/2017 on the mandatory vaccinations. Ann Ig 2019;31(2 Supple 1):54-64. doi: 10.7416/ai.2019.2277.
[29]. Gómez-Ochoa SA, Franco OH, Rojas LZ, Raguindin PF, Roa-Díaz ZM, Wyssmann BM, Guevara SLR, Echeverría LE, Glisic M, Muka T. COVID-19 in healthcare workers: a living systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, risk factors, clinical characteristics, and outcomes. Am J Epidemiol 2021;190:161-75. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwaa191.
[30]. Polack FP, Thomas SJ, Kitchin N, Absalon J, Gurtman A, Lockhart S, Perez JL, Pérez Marc G, Moreira ED, Zerbini C, Bailey R, Swanson KA, Roychoudhury S, Koury K, Li P, Kalina WV, Cooper D, Frenck RW Jr, Hammitt LL, Türeci Ö, Nell H, Schaefer A, Ünal S, Tresnan DB, Mather S, Dormitzer PR, Şahin U, Jansen KU, Gruber WC; C4591001 Clinical Trial Group. Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine. N Engl J Med 2020;383:2603-15. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2034577.
[31]. Facciolà A, Visalli G, Orlando A, Bertuccio MP, Spataro P, Squeri R, Picerno I, Di Pietro A. Vaccine hesitancy: An overview on parents' opinions about vaccination and possible reasons of vaccine refusal. J Public Health Res 2019;8(1):1436. doi: 10.4081/jphr.2019.1436.
[32]. Maltezou HC, Theodoridou K, Ledda C, Rapisarda V, Theodoridou M. Vaccination of healthcare workers: is mandatory vaccination needed? Expert Rev Vaccines 2019;18(1):5-13. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1552141.
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