Keywords
Zoonotic diseases, strategic planning, health policy, health system, public health ethics
Abstract
Zoonotic diseases are seen as a major public health concern. Routes of the rapid transmission of zoonotic diseases and the economic damage they cause to communities are all reasons why health institutions and systems need to pay more attention to these diseases. Strategic planning is one of the important tasks of policymakers in every organization and system. It is a very reliable and useful tool for leading all kinds of organizations, including health organizations. Countries with clear policy plans have succeeded in controlling and reducing zoonotic diseases. Such countries used appropriate strategic planning and pursued annual goals to control and prevent diseases. Three important steps (strategy development, strategy implementation and strategy evaluation) should be considered in developing a strategic planning for controlling and prevention of zoonotic diseases. Health systems need to develop strategic planning in order to upgrade their capabilities in combating zoonotic diseases. These programs must be flexible, in line with the one health approach, based on the current needs, and aligned with the new challenges faced with health systems. The strategic planning is directly related to national and international policies, organizational goals and missions, dynamism, degree of complexity, and organizational structure of each country's health system.
References
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[28] Hutchinson RA, Witte KW, Vogel DP. Development and implementation of a strategic-planning process at a university hospital. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1989;46(5):952-7. PMID: 2658570
[29] Spallina JM. Strategic planning--getting started: mission, vision, and values. J Oncol Manag. 2004;13(1):10-1. PMID: 15188927
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[32] Camden C, Swaine B, Tétreault S, Bergeron S. SWOT analysis of a pediatric rehabilitation programme: a participatory evaluation fostering quality improvement. Disabil Rehabil. 2009;31(16):1373-81. DOI: 10.1080/09638280802532696
[33] Bailey RR. Goal Setting and Action Planning for Health Behavior Change. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2017;13(6):615-8. doi: 10.1177/1559827617729634.
[34] Capko J. Strategic planning--a smart move in the right direction! J Med Pract Manage. 2006;22(3):141. PMID: 17260909
[35] Zuckerman A. Leveraging strategic planning for improved financial performance. Healthc Financ Manage. 2000;54(12):54-7. PMID: 11141688
[36] Behzadifar M, Ghanbari MK, Bakhtiari A, Behzadifar M, Bragazzi NL. Ensuring adequate health financing to prevent and control the COVID-19 in Iran. Int J Equity Health. 2020;19(1):61. DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-01181-9
[37] Behzadifar M, Shahabi S, Zeinali M, Ghanbari MK, Martini M, Bragazzi NL. A policy analysis of agenda-setting of Brucellosis in Iran using a multiple-stream framework: health policy and historical implications. J Prev Med Hyg. 2021;62:E584-E51. doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2021.62.2.2041
[38] Martini M, Candau J, Khabbache H, Zouir M, Tovani Flavio, RE SR, Ferrari A, Bragazzi NL. From the dawn of veterinary medicine to the “one world – one medicine – one health” model: some historical, philosophical, anthropological, legal and bioethical reflections. Medicina Nei Secoli, Arte e Scienza- Journal of Hist of Medicina. 29/2 (2017) 451- 466.
[2] Heymann DL, Dar OA. Prevention is better than cure for emerging infectious diseases. BMJ. 2014:g1499. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.g1499
[3] Babo Martins S, Rushton J, Stärk KD. Economic Assessment of Zoonoses Surveillance in a 'One Health' Context: A Conceptual Framework. Zoonoses Public Health. 2016;63(5):386-95. DOI: 10.1111/zph.12239
[4] Steele SG, Booy R, Manocha R, Mor SM, Toribio JLML. Towards One Health clinical management of zoonoses: A parallel survey of Australian general medical practitioners and veterinarians. Zoonoses Public Health. 2021;68(2):88-102. DOI: 10.1111/zph.12799
[5] Dixon BR. Giardia duodenalis in humans and animals - Transmission and disease. Res Vet Sci. 2021;135:283-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.09.034
[6] Habib I, Alshehhi Z. Zoonotic Disease Management and Infection Control Practices Among Veterinarians in the United Arab Emirates. Vet Sci. 2021;8(5):82. DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8050082
[7] Wales AD, Gosling RJ, Bare HL, Davies RH. Disinfectant testing for veterinary and agricultural applications: A review. Zoonoses Public Health. 2021;68(5):361-75. DOI: 10.1111/zph.12830
[8] Fournier A, Young I, Rajić A, Greig J, LeJeune J. Social and Economic Aspects of the Transmission of Pathogenic Bacteria between Wildlife and Food Animals: A Thematic Analysis of Published Research Knowledge. Zoonoses Public Health. 2015;62(6):417-28. DOI: 10.1111/zph.12179
[9] Kruse H, kirkemo AM, Handeland K. Wildlife as source of zoonotic infections. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10(12):2067-72. DOI: 10.3201/eid1012.040707
[10] Ghanbari MK, Gorji HA, Behzadifar M, Sanee N, Mehedi N, Bragazzi NL. One health approach to tackle brucellosis: a systematic review. Trop Med Health. 2020;48:86. doi: 10.1186/s41182-020-00272-1. eCollection 2020.
[11] Allen D, Rixson L. How has the impact of 'care pathway technologies' on service integration in stroke care been measured and what is the strength of the evidence to support their effectiveness in this respect? . Int J Evid Based Healthc. 2008;6(1):78-110. doi: 10.11124/01938924-200806150-00001.
[12] Sinclair JR. Importance of a One Health approach in advancing global health security and the Sustainable Development Goals. Rev Sci Tech. 2019;38(1):145-54. DOI: 10.20506/rst.38.1.2949
[13] Barton Behravesh C. Introduction. One Health: over a decade of progress on the road to sustainability. Rev Sci Tech. 2019;38(1):21-50. DOI: 10.20506/rst.38.1.2939
[14] Gray GC, Robie ER, Studstill CJ, Nunn CL. Mitigating Future Respiratory Virus Pandemics: New Threats and Approaches to Consider. Viruses. 2021;13(4):637. doi: 10.3390/v13040637.
[15] Esfahani P, Mosadeghrad AM, Akbarisari A. The success of strategic planning in health care organizations of Iran. Int J Health Care Qual Assur. 2018 31(6):563-74. DOI: 10.1108/IJHCQA-08-2017-0145
[16] Rodríguez Perera Fde P, Peiró M. Strategic planning in healthcare organizations. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2012;65(8):749-54. DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2012.04.005
[17] Baum N, Brockmann EN, Lacho KJ. Strategic Planning: A Practical Primer for the Healthcare Provider: Part I. J Med Pract Manage. 2016;31(6):371-3. PMID: 30452846
[18] Weitekamp MR, Thorndyke LE, Evarts CM. Strategic planning for academic health centers. Am J Med. 1996;101(3):309-15. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9343(96)00171-4
[19] Bahadori M, Teymourzadeh E, Tajik H, Ravangard R, Raadabadi M, Hosseini SM. Factors affecting strategic plan implementation using interpretive structural modeling (ISM). Int J Health Care Qual Assur. 2018;31(5):406-14. DOI: 10.1108/IJHCQA-05-2017-0075
[20] Migliore RH, Gunn BJ. Strategic planning/management by objectives. A boon for healthcare administrators. Hosp Top. 195;73(3):26-32. DOI: 10.1080/00185868.1995.9950575
[21] Begun J, Heatwole KB. Strategic cycling: shaking complacency in healthcare strategic planning. J Healthc Manag. 1999;44(5):339-51. PMID: 10621138
[22] Smith HL, Piland NF, Funk MJ. Strategic planning in rural health care organizations. Health Care Manage Rev. 1992;17(3):63-80. PMID: 1399593
[23] Nantima N, Ilukor J, Kaboyo W, Ademun ARO, Muwanguzi D, Sekamatte M, et al. The importance of a One Health approach for prioritising zoonotic diseases to focus on capacity-building efforts in Uganda. Rev Sci Tech. 2019;38(1):315-25. DOI: 10.20506/rst.38.1.2963
[24] Belay ED, Kile JC, Hall AJ, Barton-Behravesh C, Parsons MB, Salyer S, et al. Zoonotic Disease Programs for Enhancing Global Health Security. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23(13):S65-S70. doi: 10.3201/eid2313.170544.
[25] Gelinas MA. Strategic planning: the first step in the planning process. J Oncol Manag. 2003;12(3):11-4. PMID: 12803445
[26] Chenoy NC, Morrison MJ, Carlow DR. A process for implementation of the strategic plan: from strategic planning toward strategic management. Healthc Manage Forum. 1991;4(3):20-6. DOI: 10.1016/S0840-4704(10)61251-3
[27] Sadeghifar J, Jafari M, Tofighi S, Ravaghi H, Maleki MR. Strategic planning, implementation, and evaluation processes in hospital systems: a survey from Iran. Glob J Health Sci. 2014;7(2):56-65. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v7n2p56.
[28] Hutchinson RA, Witte KW, Vogel DP. Development and implementation of a strategic-planning process at a university hospital. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1989;46(5):952-7. PMID: 2658570
[29] Spallina JM. Strategic planning--getting started: mission, vision, and values. J Oncol Manag. 2004;13(1):10-1. PMID: 15188927
[30] Alam AY, Alabdulaali MK. Hospital vision and mission strategic planning and departmental performance. J Pak Med Assoc. 2015;65(4):345-6. PMID: 25976562
[31] van Wijngaarden JD, Scholten GR, van Wijk KP. Strategic analysis for health care organizations: the suitability of the SWOT-analysis. Int J Health Plann Manage. 2012;27(1):34-49. doi: 10.1002/hpm.1032. Epub 2010 Jul 5.
[32] Camden C, Swaine B, Tétreault S, Bergeron S. SWOT analysis of a pediatric rehabilitation programme: a participatory evaluation fostering quality improvement. Disabil Rehabil. 2009;31(16):1373-81. DOI: 10.1080/09638280802532696
[33] Bailey RR. Goal Setting and Action Planning for Health Behavior Change. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2017;13(6):615-8. doi: 10.1177/1559827617729634.
[34] Capko J. Strategic planning--a smart move in the right direction! J Med Pract Manage. 2006;22(3):141. PMID: 17260909
[35] Zuckerman A. Leveraging strategic planning for improved financial performance. Healthc Financ Manage. 2000;54(12):54-7. PMID: 11141688
[36] Behzadifar M, Ghanbari MK, Bakhtiari A, Behzadifar M, Bragazzi NL. Ensuring adequate health financing to prevent and control the COVID-19 in Iran. Int J Equity Health. 2020;19(1):61. DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-01181-9
[37] Behzadifar M, Shahabi S, Zeinali M, Ghanbari MK, Martini M, Bragazzi NL. A policy analysis of agenda-setting of Brucellosis in Iran using a multiple-stream framework: health policy and historical implications. J Prev Med Hyg. 2021;62:E584-E51. doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2021.62.2.2041
[38] Martini M, Candau J, Khabbache H, Zouir M, Tovani Flavio, RE SR, Ferrari A, Bragazzi NL. From the dawn of veterinary medicine to the “one world – one medicine – one health” model: some historical, philosophical, anthropological, legal and bioethical reflections. Medicina Nei Secoli, Arte e Scienza- Journal of Hist of Medicina. 29/2 (2017) 451- 466.