Keywords
Dietary supplements
Obesity
Weight loss
Nutritional disease
Obesity
Weight loss
Nutritional disease
Abstract
Obesity and associated complications including diabetes, cardiometabolic dysfunction, disability, malignancy and premature mortality are considered epidemic. Research on obesity is therefore of worldwide importance. The development of obesity is a multifactorial phenomenon with contributions from biological, behavioral, genetic and environmental factors. Obesity and its associated issues require various lifestyle modifications and treatment options such medication, exercise, diet, surgery, pharmacological therapy and dietary supplements. Dietary supplements are considered an attractive alternative to traditional therapy due to their low toxicity profile and their accessibility to the general population. Dietary supplements may include one or more dietary ingredients. In this narrative review, we analyze the effects on obesity and obesity-related issues of various natural components. For example, there are a myriad of supplements that have been used as dietary supplements for weight loss such as minerals, vitamins, amino acids, metabolites, herbs, and plant extracts. This narrative review aims to present the benefits and side-effects of several ingredients of dietary supplements for weight loss and treatment of obesity. In particular, the mechanism of action, results of clinical trials, and possible side effects will be presented for the following ingredients: β-Glucans, bitter orange, calcium, vitamin D, chitosan, chromium, cocoa, coleus forskohlii, conjugate linoleic acid, ephedra sinica, fucoxanthin, garcinia cambogia, glucomannan, green coffee, green tea, guar gum, raspberry, hoodia gordonii, irvingia gabonensis, phenylpropylamine, pyruvate, white kidney bean.
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[3] Vettori A, Pompucci G, Paolini B, del Ciondolo I, Bressan S, Dundar M, Kenanoğlu S, Unfer V, Bertelli M. Geneob Project genetic background, nutrition and obesity: a review. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019;23:1751-61. https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_201902_17137
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[5] Pagano C, Marin O, Calcagno A, Schiappelli P, Pilon C, Milan G, Bertelli M, Fanin E, Andrighetto G, Federspil G, Vettor R. Increased serum resistin in adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome is related to obesity and not to insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:4335-40. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-0293
[6] Camilleri G, Kiani AK, Herbst KL, Kaftalli J, Bernini A, Dhuli K, Manara E, Bonetti G, Stuppia L, Paolacci S, Dautaj A, Bertelli M. Genetics of fat deposition. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021;25:14-22. https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202112_27329
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[8] Bhutani S, vanDellen MR, Cooper JA. Longitudinal weight gain and related risk behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic in adults in the US. Nutrients 2021;13:671. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020671
[9] Dhuli K, Ceccarini MR, Precone V, Maltese PE, Bonetti G, Paolacci S, Dautaj A, Guerri G, Marceddu G, Beccari T, Michelini S, Bertelli M. Improvement of quality of life by intake of hydroxytyrosol in patients with lymphedema and association of lymphedema genes with obesity. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021;25:33-42. https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202112_27331
[10] Batsis JA, Apolzan JW, Bagley PJ, Blunt HB, Divan V, Gill S, Golden A, Gundumraj S, Heymsfield SB, Kahan S, Kopatsis K, Port A, Prout Parks E, Reilly CA, Rubino D, Saunders KH, Shean R, Tabaza L, Stanley A, Tchang BG, Gundumraj S, Kidambi S. A Systematic Review of Dietary Supplements and Alternative Therapies for Weight Loss. Obesity 2021;29:1102-13. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23110
[11] Gregg EW. Secular trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors according to body mass index in US adults. JAMA 2005;293:1868. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.15.1868
[12] Walter S, Kunst A, Mackenbach J, Hofman A, Tiemeier H. Mortality and disability: the effect of overweight and obesity. Int J Obes 2009;33:1410-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2009.176
[13] Office of Dietary Supplements. Mission, Origin, and Mandate. Available at: https://ods.od.nih.gov/About/MissionOriginMandate.aspx#:~:text=The%20mission%20 of%20ODS%20is,health%20for%20the%20U.S.%20 population. Accessed on: 02/07/2022.
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