Keywords
History of public health
archives and museums
history of vaccines and vaccinations
medical museology
A. Sclavo
cultural heritage
archives and museums
history of vaccines and vaccinations
medical museology
A. Sclavo
cultural heritage
Abstract
Over the centuries, the oldest universities have amassed an extraordinary patrimony of material and immaterial cultural assets, which have been created or acquired for the purposes of research or teaching. Now on display in museums, they testify to the evolution of knowledge and its diversification in various disciplines. In order to safeguard, conserve and study this precious heritage, we need to implement a cultural project that activates that “process of awareness” on which cataloging is based. This is a “reasoned awareness” that enables an object to be framed within a system of scientific knowledge and historical-critical relationships, which are essential to its conservation and, consequently, to its public exploitation. Through this process, we can uncover the history of an object, its characteristics and its uniqueness. This is the case, for example, of an optical microscope on display in the Museo di Strumentaria medica (Medical Equipment Museum), which is part of the Museum System of the University of Siena.
References
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[2] Martini, M., Orsini, D. (2022). Achille Sclavo (1861–1930) and His Innovative Contributions to Italian Preventive Medicine and Healthcare Policy. In: Donelli, G. (eds) Adv Exp Med Biol - Advances in Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Public Health 2022; 16: 107-116 https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2021_673 .
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[6] Sclavo A. Sulla preparazione del siero anticarbonchioso. Roma: Tipografia delle Mantellate; 1895.
[7] Sclavo A, Ottolenghi D. Di alcune proprietà del siero anticarbonchioso Sclavo. Atti Accademia dei Fisiocritici 1906; XVIII:353-369.
[8] Sclavo A. Sulle proprietà tossiche ed emolitiche del siero di cervo. Atti Accademia dei Fisiocritici 1902; XIII: 113.
[9] Atto costitutivo Istituto Sieroterapico Vaccinogeno Toscano. Archivio Storico del Comune di Siena, Archivio Sclavo SpA, inserto n. 147 «Vecchi documenti Sclavo».
[10] Orsini, D. La collezione di strumenti e il fondo archivistico dell’Istituto Sieroterapico e Vaccinogeno Sclavo. Siena: Betti Editrice; 2016.
[11] Martini M, Simonetti O, Orsini D, Armocida E, Parodi Zimmermann A. The avid eaters of lives. New and old infectious diseases in Italy at the time of World War I: a historical overview of military medicine and public health. J Prev Med Hyg 2021;62:E972-E980. https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2021.62.4.2240
[12] Martini M., Besozzi G., Barberis I. The never-ending story of the fight against tuberculosis: From Koch's bacillus to global control programs. J Prev Med Hyg 2018; 59 (3):E241-E247.
[13] Martini M., Gazzaniga V., Behzadifar M., Bragazzi N.L., Barberis I. The history of tuberculosis: The social role of sanatoria for the treatment of tuberculosis in Italy between the end of the 19 th century and the middle of the 20 th. J Prev Med Hyg 2018;59 (4):E323-E327.
[14] Orsini D. Tuberculosis in Siena: evolution of the disease and its treatment, from the Unification of Italy to the 1930s. J Prev Med Hyg 2020;61(Suppl.1):E19-E23. doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2020.61.1s1.1346
[15] Orsini D. The Struggle Against Infant Scrofula in Siena Between the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. In: Donelli, G. (eds) Adv Exp Med Biol - Advances in Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Public Health 2020; 14:139-146. doi: 10.1007/5584_2019_468. PMID: 31974922.
[16] Martini M, Gazzaniga V, Bragazzi NL, Barberis I. The Spanish Influenza Pandemic: a lesson from history 100 years after 1918. J Prev Med Hyg. 2019;60(1):E64-E67. https://doi.org/10.15167%2F2421-4248%2Fjpmh2019.60.1.1205
[17] Neri P. Ricordando “lo” Sclavo. In Vannozzi F. Siena la città laboratorio. Dall’innesto del vajuolo ad Albert Sabin. Siena: Protagon Editori Toscani; 2000: 50.
[18] Archivio Gruppo A. Sclavo - AGAS, C.IV.15, Istituto Sieroterapico e Vaccinogeno Toscano, Fattura datata 25 maggio 1907.
[19] Il Ponte di Pisa, Giornale politico amministrativo della città e provincia, Anno XIX, n. 21, 21 maggio 1911: 3.
[20] Archivio Gruppo A. Sclavo - AGAS, O.II.238, Istituto Sieroterapico Vaccinogeno Toscano, Istruzioni per l’uso dei prodotti dell’Istituto Sieroterapico Toscano. Siena: Tipografia S. Bernardino; 1907.
[21] Orsini D, Martini M. Albert Bruce Sabin: The Man Who Made the Oral Polio Vaccine. Emerg Infect Dis. 2022;28(3):743-746. doi: 10.3201/eid2803.204699 .
[2] Martini, M., Orsini, D. (2022). Achille Sclavo (1861–1930) and His Innovative Contributions to Italian Preventive Medicine and Healthcare Policy. In: Donelli, G. (eds) Adv Exp Med Biol - Advances in Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Public Health 2022; 16: 107-116 https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2021_673 .
[3] Braun P, Knüpfer M, Antwerpen M, Triebel D, Grass G. A Rare Glimpse into the Past of the Anthrax Pathogen Bacillus anthracis. Microorganisms. 2020 Feb 21;8(2):298. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8020298. PMID: 32098212; PMCID: PMC7074940.
[4] Committee on Review of the Scientific Approaches Used During the FBI's Investigation of the 2001 Bacillus Anthracis Mailings; National Research Council. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2011.
[5] Vannozzi F, Orsini D. The Animals Suffer for Humans. The Serum-Producers and the Istituto Sieroterapico Vaccinogeno Toscano. Medicina nei secoli. Arte e scienza Journal of History of Medicine 2017; 29/2:521-532.
[6] Sclavo A. Sulla preparazione del siero anticarbonchioso. Roma: Tipografia delle Mantellate; 1895.
[7] Sclavo A, Ottolenghi D. Di alcune proprietà del siero anticarbonchioso Sclavo. Atti Accademia dei Fisiocritici 1906; XVIII:353-369.
[8] Sclavo A. Sulle proprietà tossiche ed emolitiche del siero di cervo. Atti Accademia dei Fisiocritici 1902; XIII: 113.
[9] Atto costitutivo Istituto Sieroterapico Vaccinogeno Toscano. Archivio Storico del Comune di Siena, Archivio Sclavo SpA, inserto n. 147 «Vecchi documenti Sclavo».
[10] Orsini, D. La collezione di strumenti e il fondo archivistico dell’Istituto Sieroterapico e Vaccinogeno Sclavo. Siena: Betti Editrice; 2016.
[11] Martini M, Simonetti O, Orsini D, Armocida E, Parodi Zimmermann A. The avid eaters of lives. New and old infectious diseases in Italy at the time of World War I: a historical overview of military medicine and public health. J Prev Med Hyg 2021;62:E972-E980. https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2021.62.4.2240
[12] Martini M., Besozzi G., Barberis I. The never-ending story of the fight against tuberculosis: From Koch's bacillus to global control programs. J Prev Med Hyg 2018; 59 (3):E241-E247.
[13] Martini M., Gazzaniga V., Behzadifar M., Bragazzi N.L., Barberis I. The history of tuberculosis: The social role of sanatoria for the treatment of tuberculosis in Italy between the end of the 19 th century and the middle of the 20 th. J Prev Med Hyg 2018;59 (4):E323-E327.
[14] Orsini D. Tuberculosis in Siena: evolution of the disease and its treatment, from the Unification of Italy to the 1930s. J Prev Med Hyg 2020;61(Suppl.1):E19-E23. doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2020.61.1s1.1346
[15] Orsini D. The Struggle Against Infant Scrofula in Siena Between the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. In: Donelli, G. (eds) Adv Exp Med Biol - Advances in Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Public Health 2020; 14:139-146. doi: 10.1007/5584_2019_468. PMID: 31974922.
[16] Martini M, Gazzaniga V, Bragazzi NL, Barberis I. The Spanish Influenza Pandemic: a lesson from history 100 years after 1918. J Prev Med Hyg. 2019;60(1):E64-E67. https://doi.org/10.15167%2F2421-4248%2Fjpmh2019.60.1.1205
[17] Neri P. Ricordando “lo” Sclavo. In Vannozzi F. Siena la città laboratorio. Dall’innesto del vajuolo ad Albert Sabin. Siena: Protagon Editori Toscani; 2000: 50.
[18] Archivio Gruppo A. Sclavo - AGAS, C.IV.15, Istituto Sieroterapico e Vaccinogeno Toscano, Fattura datata 25 maggio 1907.
[19] Il Ponte di Pisa, Giornale politico amministrativo della città e provincia, Anno XIX, n. 21, 21 maggio 1911: 3.
[20] Archivio Gruppo A. Sclavo - AGAS, O.II.238, Istituto Sieroterapico Vaccinogeno Toscano, Istruzioni per l’uso dei prodotti dell’Istituto Sieroterapico Toscano. Siena: Tipografia S. Bernardino; 1907.
[21] Orsini D, Martini M. Albert Bruce Sabin: The Man Who Made the Oral Polio Vaccine. Emerg Infect Dis. 2022;28(3):743-746. doi: 10.3201/eid2803.204699 .