Keywords
Sexual satisfaction, Pregnant women, Sexual enrichment program, Clinical trial
Abstract
Background: To improve the sexual satisfaction of pregnant women, there needs to be a culturally appropriate sex education program. This study aimed at determining the effectiveness of a sexual enrichment program on the sexual satisfaction of pregnant women.
Methods: This single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 61 pregnant women aged 18 to 35 years old with low-risk pregnancies and gestational ages of 14 to 32 weeks, who had referred to three healthcare centers in Mashhad. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups of control (n = 31) and intervention (n = 30) based on a table of blocks of four. The intervention group, in addition to receiving routine pregnancy training, participated in six one-hour sessions of a sexual enrichment program held on a weekly basis, while the control group received only the routine pregnancy healthcare. Larson's sexual satisfaction questionnaire was used to assess the sexual satisfaction of pregnant women prior to the study and two weeks after the intervention. Comparison of mean scores between and within the two groups was performed using SPSS software (version 21) using independent and paired t-tests.
Results: After the intervention, there was a significant difference between the mean sexual satisfaction scores of the two groups (p = 0.02). Comparison of the differences between the mean sexual satisfaction scores of the intervention group before and after the intervention indicated a significant change (p = 0.009), while in case of the control group this change was not significant (p = 0.46).
Conclusion: A sexual enrichment program can be effective in improving the sexual satisfaction of pregnant mothers.
Keywords: Sexual satisfaction, Pregnant women, Sexual enrichment program, Clinical trial
References
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22- Nazari AM. Foundations and family therapy .Tehran. Elm.2014. P. 166-181.
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28- Sossah L. Sexual behavior during pregnancy: a descriptive correlational study among pregnant
women. European Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 2014; 2(1): 16-27.
29- Yeniel A, Petri E. Pregnancy, childbirth, and sexual function: perceptions and facts. International urogynecology journal 2014; 25(1): 5-14.
30- de Pierrepont C, Polomeno V, Bouchard L, et al. What do we know about perinatal sexuality?
A scoping review on sexoperinatality-part 1. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 2016; 45(8): 796- 808. doi: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2016.06.003.
31- Senkumwong N, Chaovisitsaree S, Rugpao S, e al. The changes of sexuality in Thai women during pregnancy. J Med Assoc Thai 2006; 89(4): 124-129.
32-Mofid V, Ahmadi A, Etemadi O. The Comparison of Cognitive-Behavioral Counseling and Solution-Oriented Counseling on Women's Sexual Satisfaction in Isfahan. Sociology of women (Journal of women and society) 2014 5; 3( 19): 67-83.
33- Barry WM, Emily M. Discovering Your Couple Sexual Style :Sharing Desire, Pleasure, and Satisfaction. Chapter 3:Communicating your sexuality: The five dimensions of touch. Taylor & Francis . New York: 2009. 21-31.
34- Larson JH, Anderson SM, Holman TB, et al. A longitudinal study of the effects of premarital communication, relationship stability, and self-esteem on sexual satisfaction in the first year of marriage. Journal of sex & marital therapy 1998; 24: 193-206.
35- Bahrami N, Yaghoobzadeh A, Sharifnia H, et al. Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Larsons Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire in a Sample of Iranian Infertile Couples. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology 2016; 12 (2) :18-31
36- Afshar M, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Merghti-Khoei ES, et al. The effect of sex education on the sexual function of women in the first half of pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of caring sciences 2012; 1(4): 173.
37- Bahadoran P, Mohammadi Mahdiabadzade M, Nasiri H, et al. The effect of face-to-face or group education during pregnancy on sexual function of couples in Isfahan. Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research 2015; 20(5): 582.
38- Shojaa M, Jouybari L, Sanagoo A. The sexual activity during pregnancy among a group of Iranian women. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 2009; 279(3): 353-356.
39- Sagiv-Reiss DM, Birnbaum GE, Safir MP. Changes in sexual experiences and relationship quality during pregnancy. Archives of sexual behavior 2012; 41(5): 1241-1251.
40- Corbacioglu Esmer A, Akca A, Akbayir O, et al. Female sexual function and associated factors during pregnancy. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research 2013; 39(6): 1165-1172.
41- Fok WY, Chan L. Y. S, Yuen PM. . Sexual behavior and activity in Chinese pregnant women. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2005; 84(10), 934-938.
42- Liu HL, Hsu P, Chen KH. Sexual Activity during Pregnancy in Taiwan: A qualitative Study. Sex Med 2013; 1(2): 54-61. doi: 10.1002/sm2.13
43- Riazi H, Banoo Zadeh S, Moghim Beig A, et al. Effects of sex education on beliefs of pregnant women to sexual activity during pregnancy. Payesh 2013; 12, 367-374.
44- Wannakosit S, Phupong V. Sexual behavior in pregnancy: comparing between sexual education group and nonsexual education group. The journal of sexual medicine 2010; 7(10), 3434-3438.
45- Galinsky AM. Sexual touching and difficulties with sexual arousal and orgasm among US older adults. Arch Sex Behav 2012; 41(4): 875–890. doi: 10.1007/s10508-011-9873-7 .
46- Ghasemi moghadam K. Effectiveness of group Olson style training marriage enrichment program on Shiraz women marital satisfaction. Clinical Psy & Personality 2013; 8.
47- Johnson C. E. Sexual health during pregnancy and the postpartum (CME). The journal of sexual medicine 2011; 8(5): 1267-1284.
48- Serati M, Salvatore S, Siesto G, et al. Female sexual function during pregnancy and after childbirth. The journal of sexual medicine 2010; 7(8): 2782-2790.
2- Shafi Abadi A, Honarparvaran N., Tabrizi M, et al. Efficacy of emotion-focused couple therapy
training with regard to increasing sexual satisfaction among, couples. Journal of clinical psychology Andisheh va Raftar 2010; 4(15): 59-70 .
3-Jahanfar S, Molae Nezhad M. Sexual Problems. 2th ed. Bezheh & Salemi Company; 2006.
4-Trutnovsky G, Haas J, Lang U, et al. Women's Perception of Sexuality during Pregnancy and after Birth. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetric and Gynacology 2006;46: 282- 287
5 - Heidari M, Amin Shokravi F, Zayeri F, et al. Sexual Life during Pregnancy: Effect of an educational intervention on the Sexuality of Iranian Couples: A quasi experimental study. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 2017; 44(1): 45-55 . DOI: 10.1080/0092623X.2017.1313799
6- Abdo C. H. N, Oliveira W, Moreira E, et al. Prevalence of sexual dysfunctions and correlated
conditions in a sample of Brazilian women—results of the Brazilian study on sexual behavior (BSSB). International Journal of Impotence Research 2004; 16(2):160-166.
7- Ahmed M.R, Madny E.H, Sayed Ahmed W. A. Prevalence of female sexual dysfunction during
pregnancy among Egyptian women. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research 2014; 40 (4): 1023-1029 .
8- Naldoni L. M, Pazmiño M. A, Pezzan P. A, et al. Evaluation of sexual function in Brazilian pregnant women. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 2011; 37(2): 116-129.
9- Leite A. P. L, Campos, A. A. S, Dias, A. R. C, et al. Prevalence of sexual dysfunction during pregnancy. Rev Assoc Med Bras 2009; 55(5): 563-568.
10- Asgari P, Pasha Gh, Azar Kish M. A. Comparative Study of Marital Commitment, Sexual Satisfaction, and Life Satisfaction between Employed and Unemployed Women in Dezful City. Thought and Behavior in Clinical Psychology 2011;6(21) :53-60 .
11- Bartellas E, Crane JM, Daley M, et al. Sexuality and sexual activity in pregnancy. BJOG 2000;107(8): 964-8.
12- Lee JT. The meaning of sexual satisfaction in pregnant Taiwanese women. J Midwifery Womens Health 2002;47(4):278-86.
13-Spence SH. Psychosexual therapy: a cognitive-behavioural approach. London: Chapman & Hall;1991 .
14-Hyde JS, Delamater JD. Understanding human sexuality. 7th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill; 2000.
15- Bayrami R , Sattarzadeh N, Ranjbar Kooc F . Evalution of sexual behaviors and some of its related factors in pregnant women. J Urmia University Med Sci 2009; 20 (1) :.1-7 .
16- Heydari M, Kiani Asiabar A, Faghih zade S. Couples’ knowledge and attitude about sexuality
in pregnancy. Tehran Univ Med J 2006; 64 (9) :83-89 .
17-Bayrami R . Sattarzadeh N. Ranjbar Kooc F . Evalution of sexual behaviors and some of its relatedfactors in pregnant women. J Urmia University Med Sci 2009; 20 (1) :.1-7 .
17- Naim M, Bhutto E. Sexuality during pregnancy in Pakistan women. J Pak Med Assoc 2000; 50: 38-44.
18-Walbroehl G. Sexuality during pregnancy. Am Fam Physician 1984; 29: 273-5
19- Masoomi S Z, Nejati B, Mortazavi A, et al. Investigating the Effects of Sexual Consultation
on Marital Satisfaction Among Pregnant Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Sci J Hamadan Nurs Midwifery Fac 2016; 24 (4):256- 263. DOI: 10.21859/nmj-24046
20- Ahmadi Z, Molaie Yarandi E, Malekzadegan A, et al. Sexual Satisfaction and its Related Factors in Primigravidas . IJN 2011; 24 (71) :54-62
21-Ebrahimian A, Heydari MB, Saberi Zafarghandi MB. Comparison of female sexual dysfunctions before and during pregnancy. Iranian Journal of Obstetrics,Gynecology and Infertility 2010; 5 ( 13) :.30 – 36.
22- Nazari AM. Foundations and family therapy .Tehran. Elm.2014. P. 166-181.
23- Rivas R, Navío J, Martínez, M, et al. Modifications in Sexual Behaviour during Pregnancy and Postpartum: Related Factors. The West Indian medical journal 2016 ; 10: 326.
24- Andrews G. Women's sexual health: Elsevier Health Sciences: 2005 .
25- Babazadeh R, Mirzaii K, Masomi Z. Changes in sexual desire and activity during pregnancy among women in Shahroud, Iran. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 2013; 120(1): 82-84.
26- Gałązka I, Drosdzol‐Cop A, Naworska B, et al. Changes in the sexual function during pregnancy. The journal of sexual medicine 2015; 12(2): 445-45;4.
27- Read J. Sexual problems associated with infertility, pregnancy, and ageing. BMJ 2004; 329:
559.
28- Sossah L. Sexual behavior during pregnancy: a descriptive correlational study among pregnant
women. European Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 2014; 2(1): 16-27.
29- Yeniel A, Petri E. Pregnancy, childbirth, and sexual function: perceptions and facts. International urogynecology journal 2014; 25(1): 5-14.
30- de Pierrepont C, Polomeno V, Bouchard L, et al. What do we know about perinatal sexuality?
A scoping review on sexoperinatality-part 1. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 2016; 45(8): 796- 808. doi: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2016.06.003.
31- Senkumwong N, Chaovisitsaree S, Rugpao S, e al. The changes of sexuality in Thai women during pregnancy. J Med Assoc Thai 2006; 89(4): 124-129.
32-Mofid V, Ahmadi A, Etemadi O. The Comparison of Cognitive-Behavioral Counseling and Solution-Oriented Counseling on Women's Sexual Satisfaction in Isfahan. Sociology of women (Journal of women and society) 2014 5; 3( 19): 67-83.
33- Barry WM, Emily M. Discovering Your Couple Sexual Style :Sharing Desire, Pleasure, and Satisfaction. Chapter 3:Communicating your sexuality: The five dimensions of touch. Taylor & Francis . New York: 2009. 21-31.
34- Larson JH, Anderson SM, Holman TB, et al. A longitudinal study of the effects of premarital communication, relationship stability, and self-esteem on sexual satisfaction in the first year of marriage. Journal of sex & marital therapy 1998; 24: 193-206.
35- Bahrami N, Yaghoobzadeh A, Sharifnia H, et al. Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Larsons Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire in a Sample of Iranian Infertile Couples. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology 2016; 12 (2) :18-31
36- Afshar M, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Merghti-Khoei ES, et al. The effect of sex education on the sexual function of women in the first half of pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of caring sciences 2012; 1(4): 173.
37- Bahadoran P, Mohammadi Mahdiabadzade M, Nasiri H, et al. The effect of face-to-face or group education during pregnancy on sexual function of couples in Isfahan. Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research 2015; 20(5): 582.
38- Shojaa M, Jouybari L, Sanagoo A. The sexual activity during pregnancy among a group of Iranian women. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 2009; 279(3): 353-356.
39- Sagiv-Reiss DM, Birnbaum GE, Safir MP. Changes in sexual experiences and relationship quality during pregnancy. Archives of sexual behavior 2012; 41(5): 1241-1251.
40- Corbacioglu Esmer A, Akca A, Akbayir O, et al. Female sexual function and associated factors during pregnancy. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research 2013; 39(6): 1165-1172.
41- Fok WY, Chan L. Y. S, Yuen PM. . Sexual behavior and activity in Chinese pregnant women. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2005; 84(10), 934-938.
42- Liu HL, Hsu P, Chen KH. Sexual Activity during Pregnancy in Taiwan: A qualitative Study. Sex Med 2013; 1(2): 54-61. doi: 10.1002/sm2.13
43- Riazi H, Banoo Zadeh S, Moghim Beig A, et al. Effects of sex education on beliefs of pregnant women to sexual activity during pregnancy. Payesh 2013; 12, 367-374.
44- Wannakosit S, Phupong V. Sexual behavior in pregnancy: comparing between sexual education group and nonsexual education group. The journal of sexual medicine 2010; 7(10), 3434-3438.
45- Galinsky AM. Sexual touching and difficulties with sexual arousal and orgasm among US older adults. Arch Sex Behav 2012; 41(4): 875–890. doi: 10.1007/s10508-011-9873-7 .
46- Ghasemi moghadam K. Effectiveness of group Olson style training marriage enrichment program on Shiraz women marital satisfaction. Clinical Psy & Personality 2013; 8.
47- Johnson C. E. Sexual health during pregnancy and the postpartum (CME). The journal of sexual medicine 2011; 8(5): 1267-1284.
48- Serati M, Salvatore S, Siesto G, et al. Female sexual function during pregnancy and after childbirth. The journal of sexual medicine 2010; 7(8): 2782-2790.