Keywords
Anemia, Iron Tablets, IDHS 2017, Pregnant Women, Probability
Abstract
Introduction: The low non-compliance to the consumption of Iron Tablets in pregnant women is an obstacle in the implementation of government programs to prevent and overcome the anemia problems in pregnant women. This study was conducted to determine the probability of non-compliance of pregnant women in the consumption of iron tablets in Indonesia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study using the 2017 IDHS data. The sample was 12,466 women of childbearing age 15-49 years in Indonesia who consumed Iron Tablets during their last pregnancy. Univariate analysis used proportion measure, the bivariate analysis using chi-square test and multivariate used binary logistic regression test. Statistical analysis using SPSS-26 software.
Results: The level of non-compliance to the consumption of Iron Tablets during pregnancy in Indonesia is only 48.47%. The risk factors for quantity (p = 0.000, OR 2.085), and quality (p = 0.000, OR 1.655) Antenatal Care (ANC) was not good, examiners were pregnancy not health workers (p = 0.000, OR 1.816), residence in rural areas (p = 0.000, OR 1.262), and very poor socioeconomic status (p value= 0.000, OR 2.041) were significantly related to non-compliance with Iron Tablets consumption. The probability of non-compliance to the consumption of Iron Tablets in pregnant women with risk factors is 88%.
Conclusion: Quantity of ANC and socioeconomic have a high influence on compliance to consumption of iron tablets, so it is important to bring nutrition workers at ANC activities to educate pregnant women about the benefits, side effects, and ways of consumption of iron tablets, reactivate supervisors for consumption of iron tablets, increase access health services in rural areas and families with low socioeconomic status, as well as providing free health care programs for the poor.
References
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[2] E. Guspaneza, D. Evi Martha, P. Kesehatan, F. Kesehatan Masyarakat, U. Indonesia, and D. Promosi Kesehatan dan Ilmu Perilaku, “Analisis Faktor Penyebab Kejadian Anemia pada Ibu Hamil Di Indonesia (Analisis Data SDKI 2017),” JUKEMA, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 399–406, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.37598/jukema.v5i2.735.
[3] WHO, “The Global Prevalence Of Anaemia In 2011,” World Health Organization. World Health Organization, pp. 1–48, 2015, [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/micronutrients/global_prevalence_anaemia_2011/en/.
[4] Kemenkes RI, “Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018,” Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, Jakarta, 2018.
[5] WHO, “Global Nutrition Targets 2025 Anaemia Policy Brief,” pp. 1–8, 2012, doi: WHO/NMH/NHD/14.4.
[6] Kemenkes RI, “Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No 88 Tahun 2014 Tentang Standar Tablet Tambah Darah Bagi Wanita Usia Subur dan Ibu Hamil.” 2014.
[7] WHO, “Guideline : Daily iron and folic acid supplementation in pregnant women,” World Heal. Organ., 2012.
[8] S. Triyani and N. Purbowati, “Kepatuhan Konsumsi Tablet Fe Dalam Mencegah,” J. Ilmu Dan Teknol. Kesehat., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 215–229, 2016.
[9] BPS, “Survey Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) 2017,” Kerjasama BPS, BKKBN dan Kementeri. Kesehatan. Meas. DHS ICF Int., 2017.
[10] Kemenkes RI, “Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2019,” Jakarta, 2019.
[11] T. A. Sri Hartatik, “Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kepatuhan Ibu Hamil Mengkonsumsi Tablet Fe di UPTD Puskesmas Bantur,” J. Ilm. Obstet. Gynekol. dan Ilmu Kesehat., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 22–31, 2013.
[12] S. A. Yuliansyah, E. Trismiana, and U. R. Keswara, “Hubungan pendapatan dan konsumsi tablet fe dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil di wilayah kerja puskesmas sukajaya kecamatan gunung agung tulang bawang barat tahun 2014,” Kesehat. Holistik, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 80–84, 2015, doi: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v9i2.241.
[13] M. A. Yuliarti, “Hubungan Paritas dengan Kepatuhan Konsumsi Tablet Fe Pada Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Godean II,” Universitas ’Aisyiyah Yogyakarta, 2018.
[14] A. P. Widji Utomo, D. S. Nurdiati, and R. S. Padmawati, “Rendahnya asupan zat besi dan kepatuhan mengonsumsi tablet besi berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas I Kembaran, Banyumas,” J. Gizi dan Diet. Indones. (Indonesian J. Nutr. Diet., vol. 3, no. 1, p. 41, 2015, doi: 10.21927/ijnd.2015.3(1).41-50.
[15] V. Nurmasari and S. Sumarmi, “Hubungan Keteraturan Kunjungan Antenatal Care dan Kepatuhan Konsumsi Tablet Fe dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Ibu Hamil Trimester III di Kecamatan Maron Probolinggo,” Amerta Nutr., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 4–7, 2019, doi: 10.20473/amnt.v3.i1.2019.46-51.
[16] A. D. Laksono, R. Rukmini, and R. D. Wulandari, “Regional disparities in antenatal care utilization in Indonesia,” PLoS One, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 1–13, 2020, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224006.
[17] R. P. Manas, U. Mohan, S. K. Singh, V. K. Singh, and A. K. Srivastava, “Socio-economic determinants of adherence to iron and folic acid tablets among rural ante-natal mothers in Lucknow, India,” Natl. J. Community Med., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 386–391, 2013, [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273457919_Socio-economic_determinants_of_adherence_to_iron_and_folic_acid_tablets_among_rural_ante-natal_mothers_in_Lucknow_India.
[18] T. G. Gebremichael and T. G. Welesamuel, “Adherence to iron-folic acid supplement and associated factors among antenatal care attending pregnant mothers in governmental health institutions of Adwa town, Tigray, Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study,” PLoS One, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2020, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227090.
[19] Z. Y. Kassa, T. Awraris, A. K. Daba, and Z. Tenaw, “Compliance with iron folic acid and associated factors among pregnant women through pill count in Hawassa city, South Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study,” Reprod. Health, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2019, doi: 10.1186/s12978-019-0679-8.
[20] M. W. Kamau, W. Mirie, and S. Kimani, “Compliance with Iron and folic acid supplementation (IFAS) and associated factors among pregnant women: Results from a cross-sectional study in Kiambu County, Kenya,” BMC Public Health, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2018, doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5437-2.
[21] T. M. Birhanu, M. K. Birarra, and F. A. Mekonnen, “Compliance to iron and folic acid supplementation in pregnancy, Northwest Ethiopia,” BMC Res. Notes, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1–5, 2018, doi: 10.1186/s13104-018-3433-3.
[22] B. Abebaw, Y. Dessie, N. Baraki, A. Oumer, and M. Gebru, “Adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation and associated factors among antenatal care attendants in Northwest Ethiopia,” Int. J. Public Heal. Sci., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 20–28, 2020, doi: 10.11591/ijphs.v9i1.20385.
[23] Malshani, Pathirathna, K. M. . Wimalasiri, K. Sekijima, and M. Sadakata, “Maternal Compliance to Recommended Iron and Folic Acid Suplementation in Pregnancy, Sri Langka: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study,” Nutrients, vol. 12, no. 3266, pp. 1–10, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113266.
[24] S. Siabani, S. Siabani, H. Siabani, M. Moeini Arya, F. Rezaei, and M. Babakhani, “Determinants of Compliance With Iron and Folate Supplementation Among Pregnant Women in West Iran: A Population Based Cross-Sectional Study.,” J. Fam. Reprod. Heal., vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 197–203, 2018, [Online]. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31239847%0Ahttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=PMC6581656.
[25] N. Yunita, S. Supiyah, and E. Isdana, “Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kepatuhan Ibu Hamil Mengkonsumsi Tablet Zat Besi (Fe) di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tirtajaya Kecamatan Bajuin Tahun 2018,” Jurkessia, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 148–160, 2018.
[26] F. A. Awalamaroh, L. S. Rahayu, and I. Yuliana, “Kepatuhan mengonsumsi tablet Fe berhubungan dengan status anemia pada ibu hamil,” ARGIPA, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 80–90, 2018.
[27] M. Tarekegn, M. Wubshet, A. Atenafu, T. Derso, and A. Woretaw, “Antenatal care and mothers’ education improved iron-folic acid adherence at Denbiya district health centers, Northwest Ethiopia: Using pills count method,” Arch. Public Heal., vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2019, doi: 10.1186/s13690-019-0356-y.
[28] Ruwayda, “Pelaksanaan Standar Pelayanan Antenatal oleh Bidan di Puskesmas Kota Jambi,” Media Kesehat. Masy. Indones., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 91–97, 2016, [Online]. Available: http://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/mkmi/article/view/925/593.
[29] B. B. Nasir, A. M. Fentie, and M. K. Adisu, “Adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation and prevalence of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinic at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia,” PLoS One, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 1–11, 2020, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232625.
[30] K. Selvaraj, P. Arumugasamy, and S. Sarkar, “Compliance and patterns of iron-folic acid intake among adolescent girls and antenatal women in rural Tamil Nadu,” CHRISMED J. Heal. Res., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 88–93, 2017, doi: 10.4103/cjhr.cjhr.
[31] S. F. E. Juanda, “Factors that Influence the Adherence of Pregnant Women in Consuming Iron Supplements : Systematic Literature Review,” PLACENTUM Heal. Sci. journals their Appl., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 18–24, 2020, [Online]. Available: jurnal.uns.ac.id/placentum/article/download/35836/26591.
[32] G. Agegnehu, A. Atenafu, H. Dagne, and B. Dagnew, “Adherence to Iron and Folic Acid Supplement and Its Associated Factors among Antenatal Care Attendant Mothers in Lay Armachiho Health Centers, Northwest, Ethiopia, 2017,” Int. J. Reprod. Med., vol. 2019, pp. 1–9, 2019, doi: 10.1155/2019/5863737.
[33] R. Nur et al., “Socio-Economic, Fe Tablet Consumtion and Anemia Incidence in Pregnant Women on Community Health Center Talise in Palu,” Int. J. Dev. Res., vol. 08, no. 11, pp. 1–6, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.37118.
[34] Y. Dunneram and R. Jeewon, “Healthy Diet and Nutrition Education Program among Women of Reproductive Age: a Necessity of Multilevel Strategies or Community Responsibility,” Heal. Promot. Perspect., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 116–127, 2015, doi: 10.15171/hpp.2015.014.