Resources for assessing parents’ vaccine hesitancy: a systematic review of the literature
Vol. 61 No. 3 (2020), Reviews
Vol. 61 No. 3 (2020)

Resources for assessing parents’ vaccine hesitancy: a systematic review of the literature

Reviews
https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2020.61.3.1448
Published 2020-08-31
Paola Cella
Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma
Gianluca Voglino
Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Turin
Ilaria Barberis
Health Science Department, University of Genoa
Enrico Alagna
Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Italy.
Claudia Alessandroni
Specialization School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy.
Alessandro Cuda
Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia
Francesco D'Aloisio
Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila
Giulia Dallagiacoma
Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia
Sara de Nitto
Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro
Francesca Di Gaspare
Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine,Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata"
Oriana Gallipoli
Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila
Leandro Gentile
Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia
Lucia Kundisova
Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, Italy.
Monica Navaro
Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”
Sandro Provenzano
Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Health Promotion, Maternal-Infant, Internal Medicine and Specialization of Excellence “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo
Omar Enzo Santangelo
Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine,Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Italy.
Pasquale Stefanizzi
Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro
Vincenza Gianfredi
Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia
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Keywords

vaccine, hesitancy, parents, questionnaire, review

Abstract

Vaccine hesitancy (VH) is a complex and country-specific issue, responsible for the decreasing vaccination rate and subsequent spread of vaccine-preventable diseases. In literature, several questionnaires were developed to assess VH. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the published questionnaires assessing parental VH. The search was conducted in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library, in December 2017, following the PRISMA guidelines. The search strategy included 4 types of keywords: parents, vaccine hesitancy/acceptance, immunization and survey. Only English and Italian original papers were included. 17 reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts. Only the included articles were downloaded in full and, after a second screening, data were extracted and recorded in an ad hoc spreadsheet. A total of 5,139 articles were retrieved, after duplicates elimination 3,508 papers were screened. After a screening selection, 334 studies were included in the analysis. Most studies were cross-sectional (92.8%), followed by case-control (4.8%) and cohort studies (2.4%). The population interviewed was mainly parents, without any further details (73.1%); mothers were the only parent surveyed in approximately 20% of the studies, while only 1 study involved selectively the fathers. The sample size ranged from 7 to 59,897. Only 38% of the included studies reported both the number and type of items used. Regarding the type, more than half consisted of closed questions, followed by Likert scales, while open-ended questions were used in 14.8% of the surveys. Frequently, the survey was conducted using a self-reported questionnaire or interview. The questionnaires were mostly administered on paper, while online forms were used in 20.1% of the cases. However, 80.2% of the questionnaires were not attached to the paper. HPV vaccine was the most frequently investigated (39.2%), followed by influenza (13.5%) and measles (10.8%). While 22.4% of the articles referred to paediatrics vaccinations in general. Data about the immunization behaviours were reported in 294 studies: the subjects involved showed a behaviour defined as “acceptance” in 129 studies (38.6%), as “hesitancy/scepticism/doubt” in 145 studies (43.1%) and as “refusal” in 22 studies (6.6%). This information was not reported in 12% of the studies. VH is still a public health challenge, as confirmed by the high number of studies and questionnaires retrieved. This study offers a deeper perspec- tive on the available questionnaires, helping to identify the best one in terms of aim and study setting.      
https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2020.61.3.1448
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