Sociodemographic determinants of fruit and vegetable consumption in Indonesia: insights from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey
Vol. 67 No. 2 (2026), Non Comunicable Diseases
Vol. 67 No. 2 (2026)

Sociodemographic determinants of fruit and vegetable consumption in Indonesia: insights from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey

Non Comunicable Diseases
https://doi.org/10.82082/2421-4248/jpmh2026.67.2.3749
Published 2026-07-20
Azimatul Amini
Master of Public Health Program, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5248-0667
Fitrina Mahardani Kusumaningrum
Department of Health Behaviour, Environment, and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4916-7576
Digna Niken Purwaningrum
Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2419-778X
Abdul Wahab
Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3198-8851
Aditya Lia Ramadona
Department of Health Behaviour, Environment, and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0968-988X
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Keywords

Dietary patterns
Health inequities
Health surveys
Noncommunicable diseases
Population health

Abstract

Introduction. Inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption is a recognized risk factor for non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to identify the sociodemographic determinants of fruit and vegetable consumption in Indonesia, which would be fundamental to developing targeted public health interventions for non-communicable diseases.

Methods. This cross-sectional study utilized secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey. We analyzed the data from 595,303 adults aged 19 years or older, comprising variables of fruit and vegetable consumption and sociodemographic determinants. A logistic regression analysis is conducted to examine associations between sociodemographic factors and fruit and vegetable consumption.

Results. A significant majority of Indonesians (97.1%) fail to meet the recommended intake of fruits and vegetables. Better fruit and vegetable consumption patterns were observed among females (aOR=1.31; 95% CI=1.24-1.38), individuals with higher education (aOR=1.47; 95% CI=1.23-1.75), those employed (aOR=1.13; 95% CI=1.06-1.20), married (aOR=1.25; 95% CI=1.16-1.34), from lower economic status groups, and residents of Nusa Tenggara (aOR=1.32; 95% CI=1.13-1.53), Maluku (aOR=1.54; 95% CI=1.16-2.06), Papua (aOR=1.95; 95% CI=1.46-2.60), and rural areas (aOR=1.12; 95% CI=1.02-1.23).

Conclusion. Indonesians consume very few fruits and vegetables, and this low consumption isn’t uniform. We see significant differences based on factors like gender, education level, occupation, marital status, socioeconomic status, and place of residence. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted nutritional interventions and the formulation of context-specific public health policies to promote healthier dietary behaviors.

https://doi.org/10.82082/2421-4248/jpmh2026.67.2.3749
pdf

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