Historical Perspectives on Scrofula: Competing Medical Discourses and Public Health Implications at the Turn of the 20th Century: Scrofula in the Context of Danish Medical History

Abstract

This article examines how scrofula was classified as a distinct disease in Danish medical history around the turn of the 20^th century. Dr. Niemeyer, a naturopathic advocate, attributed scrofula to an unhealthy composition of bodily fluids, whereas Dr. Geill viewed it as a tuberculous condition and a precursor to pulmonary tuberculosis. While they differed on causation – particularly regarding heredity – they agreed on prevention strategies, emphasizing fresh air, skin care, nutrition, and physical activity to reduce contagion and improve children’s resilience. Physicians advocated guiding children in dietary and hygienic practices to fortify their resistance against the tubercle bacillus. The article highlights how naturopathic discourses were challenged by emerging claims that scrofula was an infectious disease. Expanding clinical assessments to include home hygiene and working conditions reflected broader shifts in societal health rationales. Public health measures required coordinated efforts between physicians and municipal authorities rather than being solely an individual responsibility. Finally, this historical perspective is framed within a modern public health context, emphasizing the bio-psycho-social model of health and disease. It underscores the lasting relevance of interconnected health approaches, drawing parallels between past strategies against scrofula and contemporary public health efforts to address infectious and non-communicable diseases. Integrating historical insights into modern policy and practice can enhance health equity and prevention strategies.