Keywords
adults
physical activity
unemployed
married
Abstract
Background: Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour are influenced by various interconnected variables. In Bangladesh, studies on physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour are scarce, regardless of age in the adult population. This study aims to determine the correlates of adults' physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour with sociodemographic factors, including gender, age, residential, educational, and occupational status. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey conducted 2018 across Bangladesh. Global Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to measure physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour. The data consisted of 8,185 adults aged 18 to 69 years. The Bayesian regression model was used to analyse the correlates. Results: Physical inactivity, including work, active transport, and recreation, males and urban residents were more likely to be inactive than their female counterparts and rural residents. Married adults had greater (Odd Ratio [OR]: 6.6, 95% CI: 5.46 to 7.98) recreation-related physical inactivity. Unemployed adults were more likely to engage in sedentary behaviour (OR: 4, 95% CI: 2.48 to 6.12) and less likely to engage in moderate physical activity (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.43 to 3.39). Conclusion: A notable pattern of insufficient recreational physical activity among adults in Bangladesh was noted. Further study is required to explain and identify policy interventions that may encourage a physically active lifestyle and reduce sedentary behaviour among Bangladeshi adults identified as physically inactive.
References
References
EU Working Group "Sport & Health". Recommended Policy Actions In Support of Health-Enhancing Physical Activity; 2008. Available at: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://ec.europa.eu/assets/eac/sport/library/policy_documents/eu-physical-activity-guidelines-2008_en.pdf. Accessed at: 02/04/2024.
Sedentary Behaviour Research Network. Letter to the editor: standardized use of the terms "sedentary" and "sedentary behaviours". Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2012 Jun;37(3):540-2. doi: 10.1139/h2012-024.
World Health Organization. WHO Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour; 2020. Available at: file:///C:/Users/khan_/Downloads/9789240015128-eng.pdf. Accessed on 04/04/2023.
World Health Organisation. THE GLOBAL HEALTH OBSERVATORY. Physical inactivity; 2012 [cited 2023 13/01]; Available at: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://apps.who.int/gb/NCDs/pdf/A_NCD_2-en.pdf. Accessed on 04/03/2023.
Ding D, Lawson KD, Kolbe-Alexander TL, Finkelstein EA, Katzmarzyk PT, van Mechelen W, Pratt M; Lancet Physical Activity Series 2 Executive Committee. The economic burden of physical inactivity: a global analysis of major non-communicable diseases. Lancet 2016;24:388(10051):1311-24. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30383-X.
Chau JY, Grunseit AC, Chey T, Stamatakis E, Brown WJ, Matthews CE, Bauman AE, van der Ploeg HP. Daily sitting time and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013;8(11):e80000. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080000.
Rezende LFM, Sá TH, Mielke GI, Viscondi JYK, Rey-López JP, Garcia LMT. All-Cause Mortality Attributable to Sitting Time: Analysis of 54 Countries Worldwide. Am J Prev Med 2016;51(2):253-263. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2016.01.022.
Heron L, O'Neill C, McAneney H, Kee F, Tully MA. Direct healthcare costs of sedentary behaviour in the UK. J Epidemiol Community Health 2019;73(7):625-629. doi: 10.1136/jech-2018-211758.
Ananthapavan J, Sacks G, Brown V, Moodie M, Nguyen TMP, Barendreg J, Veerman L, Herrena AMM, Lal A, Peeters A, Carter R. Assessing cost-effectiveness of obesity prevention policies in Australia: Deakin University. 2018. Retrieved from https://y97516.p3cdn1.secureserver.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ACE-Obesity-Report_Final.pdf. Access 20 Jan 2023.
Ng N, Hakimi M, Van Minh H, Juvekar S, Razzaque A, Ashraf A, Masud Ahmed S, Kanungsukkasem U, Soonthornthada K, Huu Bich T. Prevalence of physical inactivity in nine rural INDEPTH Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems in five Asian countries. Glob Health Action 2009;2. doi:10.3402/gha.v2i0.1985.
Moniruzzaman M, Mostafa Zaman M, Islalm MS, Ahasan HA, Kabir H, Yasmin R. Physical activity levels in Bangladeshi adults: results from STEPS survey 2010. Public Health 2016;137:131-138. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2016.02.028.
Moniruzzaman M, Ahmed MSAM, Zaman MM. Physical activity levels and associated socio-demographic factors in Bangladeshi adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2017;17(1):59. doi:10.1186/s12889-016-4003-z.
Hanif AAM, Hasan M, Khan MSA, Hossain MM, Shamim AA, Mitra DK, Hossaine M, Ullah MA, Sarker SK, Rahman SMM, Bulbul MMI, Mridha MK. Prevalence and associated factors of insufficient physical activity among elderly people in Bangladesh: a nationally representative cross-sectional study. BMJ Open Sport & amp; Exercise Medicine 2021;7(3):e001135. doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001135.
Mitáš J, Cerin E, Reis RS, Conway TL, Cain KL, Adams MA, Schofield G, Sarmiento OL, Christiansen LB, Davey R, Salvo D, Orzanco-Garralda R, Macfarlane D, Hino AAF, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Owen N, Van Dyck D, Sallis JF. Do associations of sex, age and education with transport and leisure-time physical activity differ across 17 cities in 12 countries? International Int. J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019;16(1):121. doi:10.1186/s12966-019-0894-2.
Uddin R, Hasan M, Saif-Ur-Rahman KM, Mandic S, Khan A. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in Bangladesh: a systematic scoping review. Public Health 2020;179:147-159. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2019.10.006.
Khan MJ, Sayma, Ali MU, Ganesan B, Hasan, SMM, Winser SJ. Estimated prevalence of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour among adults in Bangladesh: nationally representative STEPS survey, 2018. Eur J of Physiother 2023;1-6. doi:10.1080/21679169.2023.2220355.
World Health Organization. National STEPS survey for non-communicable diseases risk factors in Bangladesh 2018. Dhaka: World Health Organization. Country Office for Bangladesh. Available at: National STEPS survey for non-communicable diseases risk factors in Bangladesh 2018 (who.int).
World Health Organization (WHO). Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2010. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity#:~:text=living%20with%20disability%3A-,should%20do%20at%20least%20150%E2%80%93300%20minutes%20of%20moderate%2Dintensity,intensity%20activity%20throughout%20the%20week. Accessed on 20/03/2023.
Stamatakis E, Gale J, Bauman A, Ekelund U, Hamer M, Ding D. Sitting Time, Physical Activity, and Risk of Mortality in Adults. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019;73(16):2062-2072. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2019.02.031.
de Leeuw C, Klugkist I. Augmenting Data With Published Results in Bayesian Linear Regression. Multivariate Behav Res 2012;47(3):369-391. doi:10.1080/00273171.2012.673957
Florindo AA, Guimarães VV, Cesar CL, Barros MB, Alves MC, Goldbaum M. Epidemiology of leisure, transportation, occupational, and household physical activity: prevalence and associated factors. J Phys Act Health 2009;6(5):625-632. doi:10.1123/jpah.6.5.625.
Bergwall S, Acosta S, Ramne S, Mutie P, Sonestedt E. Leisure-time physical activities and the risk of cardiovascular mortality in the Malmö diet and Cancer study. BMC Public Health 2021;21(1):1948. doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11972-6.
Pires MM, Salvador EP, Siqueira-Catania A, Folchetti LD, Cezaretto A, Ferreira SR. Assessment of leisure-time physical activity for the prediction of inflammatory status and cardiometabolic profile. J Sci Med Sport 2012;15(6):511-518. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2012.03.007.
Chowdhury MZI, Anik AM, Farhana Z, Bristi PD, Abu Al Mamun BM, Uddin MJ, Fatema J, Akter T, Tani TA, Rahman M, Turin TC. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Bangladesh: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the studies. BMC Public Health 2018;18(1):308. doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5209-z.
Hanif AAM, Hasan M, Khan MSA, Hossain MM, Shamim AA, Hossaine M, Ullah MA, Sarker SK, Rahman SMM, Bulbul MMI, Mitra DK, Mridha MK. Ten-years cardiovascular risk among Bangladeshi population using non-laboratory-based risk chart of the World Health Organization: Findings from a nationally representative survey. PLoS One 2021;16(5):e0251967. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0251967.
Murtagh EM, Murphy MH, Murphy NM, Woods C, Nevill AM, Lane A. Prevalence and correlates of physical inactivity in community-dwelling older adults in Ireland. PLoS One 2015;10(2):e0118293. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118293.
Wrold Bank. Bangladesh; 2022. Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/country/BD. Accessed on 26/03/2023.
Fryer D. Psychological or material deprivation: why does unemployment have mental health consequences? In Understanding unemployment. London: Routledge;2013. doi: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203061459.
Giuli C, Papa R, Mocchegiani E, Marcellini F. Predictors of participation in physical activity for community-dwelling elderly Italians. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2012;54(1):50]54. doi:10.1016/j.archger.2011.02.017.
Ishii K, Shibata A, Oka K. Sociodemographic and anthropometric factors associated with screen-based sedentary behavior among Japanese adults: a population-based cross-sectional study. J of epidemiol 2013;23(5):382-388.
Uddin R, Khan A, Burton NW. Prevalence and sociodemographic patterns of physical activity among Bangladeshi young adults. J Health Popul Nutr 2017;36(1):31. doi:10.1186/s41043-017-0108-y.
Vagetti GC, Barbosa Filho VC, Moreira NB, de Oliveira V, Mazzardo O, de Campos W. The prevalence and correlates of meeting the current physical activity for health guidelines in older people: a cross-sectional study in Brazilian women. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2013;56(3), 492-500. doi:10.1016/j.archger.2012.12.003.
Haley C, Andel R. Correlates of physical activity participation in community-dwelling older adults. J Aging Phys Act 2010;18(4):375-389. doi:10.1123/japa.18.4.375.
Shaw BA, Spokane LS. Examining the association between education level and physical activity changes during early old age. J Aging Health 2008;20(7):767-787. doi:10.1177/0898264308321081.
Patterson R, McNamara E, Tainio M, de Sá TH, Smith AD, Sharp SJ, Edwards P, Woodcock J, Brage S, Wijndaele K. Sedentary behaviour and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and incident type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose response meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol 2018;33(9):811-829. doi:10.1007/s10654-018-0380-1 review and dose response meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol 2018. 33(9): p. 811-829.