Keywords
Abstract
Introduction: Theory-based educational interventions can play an important role in improving health literacy and promoting self-care behaviors and preventing diabetes complications. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of the educational intervention based on the extended theory of planned behavior on health literacy, medication adherence, self-care behaviors and metabolic indicators in T2D patients.
Methods: The present research was a Quasi-experimental study with a control group and measuring outcome variables at baseline and 3 months after the theory based intervention. With multi-stage sampling, 112 patients with T2D referred to health care centers of Qazvin city were equally assigned to experimental and control groups. The intervention included 6 online group education along with educational video, pamphlets and 60 SMS reminders using strategies as role-playing, lecture, and scenario presentation. The data collection tools were: Demographic items, summary of diabetes self-care activities scale, short test of functional health literacy in adults, The Morisky 8-item medication adherence scale, Sub-Scales of extended TPB (36 items). Paired & independent t-test, chi-square, ANOVA and ANCOVA were used to data analysis.
Results: The mean of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, action planning, coping planning, trust and the intention associated with health literacy and medication adherence increased significantly in the experimental group in the post-test by controlling the effect of the pre-test variable (P<0.001). In addition, the results of ANCOVA showed the improvement in the total mean score of self-care and its dimension along with the mean of FBS and HbA1c in the experimental group in the post-test (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The focus of nurses and other medical staffs on improving health literacy, action & coping planning and psychological variables in the design of cognitive behavioral interventions can lead to improving self-care and medication adherence in T2D patients.
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