Keywords
Mediterranean diet
Polyphenols
Cancer
Polyphenols
Cancer
Abstract
Globally, the second most common mortality reason is cancer. There are two types of risk factors for cancer: intrinsic (unmodifiable) and non-intrinsic (modifiable). Bad lifestyle behaviors are among the exogenous non-intrinsic risk factors that can be related to 30-50% of cancer development risk, among which can be counted the Western lifestyle. On the contrary, a potentially good lifestyle model to prevent cancer is the Mediterranean diet (MD), which is a plant-based nutrition model. The Mediterranean diet includes many beneficial nutrients and nutritional substances, such as dietary fibers, fatty acids, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory substances, etc. Among these beneficial substances, an important group is the one composed by polyphenols, the most common plant-synthesized secondary metabolites. Being a plant-based nutrition model, the Mediterranean diet provides many polyphenols, such as resveratrol, quercetin, phenolic acids, catechins, anthocyanins, oleocanthal, oleuropein, rosmarinic acid, gallic acid, hesperidin, naringenin, ellagic acid, etc. These substances show anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-migration, anti-angiogenic, anti-metastatic, and autophagy stimulator effects, which can potentially reduce cancer development risk, as was shown by some in vivo and in vitro studies on this topic. In this review of the literature we shed light on the effects and potential interactions between the Mediterranean diet polyphenols and cancer development.
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[29] Cannataro R, Fazio A, Torre CL, Caroleo MC, Cione E. Polyphenols in the Mediterranean diet: From dietary sources to microRNA modulation. Antioxidants 2021;10:1-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020328
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[31] Singh B, Singh JP, Kaur A, Singh N. Phenolic composition and antioxidant potential of grain legume seeds: A review. Food Res Int 2017;101:1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.026
[32] Vervandier-Fasseur D, Latruffe N. The potential use of resveratrol for cancer prevention. Molecules 2019;24:1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244506
[33] Alavi M, Farkhondeh T, Aschner M, Samarghandian S. Resveratrol mediates its anti-cancer effects by Nrf2 signaling pathway activation. Cancer Cell 2021;21:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-021-02280-5
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[36] Jiang M, Zhu M, Wang L, Yu S. Anti-tumor effects and associated molecular mechanisms of myricetin. Biomed Pharmacother 2019;120:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109506
[37] Musail C, Kuban-Jankowska A, Gorksa-Ponikowska M. Beneficial properties of green tea catechins. Int J Mol Sci 2020;21:1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051744
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