Keywords
Keywords: Self-management; 5A model; quality of life; blood glucose; gestational diabetes, Iran
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an important condition during pregnancy. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of self-management education based on 5A model on the quality of life and blood glucose level of women with GDM.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 54 pregnant women who referred to the urban health care centers affiliated to the Gonabad University of Medical Sciences from March 2019 to March 2020 based on purposive sampling method. Participants were randomly allocated into intervention and control groups based on stratified random sampling using permuted block randomization method. The intervention group received self-management education program based on 5A model in five sessions during two months. Demographic data, blood glucose level, and diabetes quality of life (DQOL) questionnaire were recorded for each participant. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS software version 16 and the level of statistical significance was set at 0.05.
Results: Mean age of the participants was 33.11 ± 5.35 years old. At the end of the intervention, the mean blood glucose level of the participants in the intervention group was significantly lower compared to the control group (p<0.001). The quality of life in the intervention group was significantly improved at the end of the intervention compared to the control group (p<0.001).
Conclusions: Self-management education based on 5A model can effectively improve quality of life and blood glucose levels in women with GDM.
References
References
1. Choudhury AA, Rajeswari VD. Gestational diabetes mellitus-A metabolic and reproductive disorder. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2021;143:112183.
2. Diabetes C. Summary of revisions to the 2011 clinical practice recommendations. Diabetes Care. 2011;34:S3.
3. Serlin DC, Lash RW. Diagnosis and management of gestational diabetes mellitus. American family physician. 2009;80(1):57-62.
4. Buckley BS, Harreiter J, Damm P, Corcoy R, Chico A, Simmons D, et al. Gestational diabetes mellitus in Europe: prevalence, current screening practice and barriers to screening. A review. Diabetic medicine. 2012;29(7):844-54.
5. Lee KW, Ching SM, Ramachandran V, Yee A, Hoo FK, Chia YC, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2018;18(1):494.
6. Almasi S, Salehiniya H. The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Iran (1993-2013): a systematic review. J Isfahan Med Sch. 2014;32(299):1396-412.
7. Mirmohammadaliei M, Khakbazan Z, Kazemnejad A, Abbaszadeh F. Comparison of quality of life and depression among women with normal and high risk pregnancies. Journal of hayat. 2007;13(1):35-42.
8. Ford K, Hoyer P, Weglicki L, Kershaw T, Schram C, Jacobson M. Effects of a prenatal care intervention on the self-concept and self-efficacy of adolescent mothers. The Journal of perinatal education. 2001;10(2):15-22.
9. Hashemi T, Aliloo M, Poursharifi H, Bayrami M, NEMATI SF. The role of personality characteristics and coping strategies in self-care of patients with type 2 diabetes. 2013.
10. Hsu C-C, Tu S-T, Sheu WH-H. 2019 Diabetes Atlas: Achievements and challenges in diabetes care in Taiwan. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. 2019;118:S130-S4.
11. Warren-Findlow J, Seymour RB, Huber LRB. The association between self-efficacy and hypertension self-care activities among African American adults. Journal of community health. 2012;37(1):15-24.
12. Millies M, Crighton L, McMurdo M. Using an individualized quality of life measure in older heart failure patient. Int J cardiol. 2007;116(1):40-5.
13. Lissolo S, Cavallo E, Ronchetto F. The problem of the chronic recurrent pain among older in-patients. Minerva medica. 2006;97(2):205-15.
14. Andrews GR. Promoting health and function in an ageing population. Bmj. 2001;322(7288):728-9.
15. Moattari M, Ghobadi A, Beygi P, Pishdad G. Effect of self-management on metabolic indices in insulin dependent diabetic patients. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Lipid Disorders. 2011;10(5):528-35.
16. Nsyhtkn A, Pishua A, Hbybzadh F, Tabatabai M, Qshqayyzadh T, Hafizi F. Determine the reliability and validity of clinical summary quality of life of diabetic patients (DQOL) to Persian. Journal of Diabetes and Lipid Disorder. 2012;11(5):483-7.
17. Solimani Z, Barati H, Mozafari Join A, Ershadi Moqadam H, Mohammadi M. The quality of life of patients with diabetes from the City of Sabzevar during year 2016. Military Caring Sciences Journal. 2017;3(4):264-71.
18. Beigi A, Habibi S, Rezaei Hesar H, Niasty R, Shams Ali Z, Ashoori J, et al. Effect of spiritual training on decreased anxiety and increased quality of life of women with gestational diabetesin the assement of nursing and modern care. Journal of Diabetes Nursing. 2016;4(3):19-29.
19. Niaz Azari M, Abdollahi M, Zabihi Hesari NK, Ashoori J. Effect of spiritual group therapy on anxiety and quality of life among gestational diabetic females. Journal of Religion and Health. 2017;5(1):11-20.
20. Makki s, Emamgholi khooshehchin T, dadashi m. the effects of problem-solving skills training on quality of life in women with gestational diabetes. Nursing and Midwifery Journal. 2019;16(10):760-70.
21. Ghiyasvandian S, Salimi A, Navidhamidi M, Ebrahimi H. Assessing the Effect of Self-Management Education on Quality of Life of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. Knowledce & Health. 2017;12(1):50-6.
22. Saeid pour J, Jafari M, Ghazi Asgar M, Dayani Dardashti H, Teymoorzadeh E. Effect of educational program on quality of life in diabetic patients. Journal of Health Administration. 2013;16(52):26-36.
23. Sharifirad G, Entezari MH, Kamran A, Azadbakht L. The effectiveness of nutritional education on the knowledge of diabetic patients using the health belief model. Journal of research in medical sciences: the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. 2009;14(1):1.
24. Rezaei N, Tahbaz F, Kimyagar M, AlaviMajd H. The effect of nutrition education on knowledge, attitude and practice of type 1 diabetic patients from Aligoodarz. Journal of Shahrekord Uuniversity of Medical Sciences. 2006;8.
25. Baghianimoghadam M, Afkhami Ardekani M. The effect of educational intervention on quality of life of diabetic patients type 2, referee to diabetic research centre of Yazd. The Horizon of Medical Sciences. 2008;13(4):21-8.
26. Aghamolaei T, Eftekhar H, Mohammad K, Sobhani A, Shojaeizadeh D, Nakhjavani M, et al. Influence of educational
intervention using interaction approach on behavior change,
hemoglobin alc and health- related quality of life in diabetic patients. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research. 2005;3(4):1-2.
27. Wattana C, Srisuphan W, Pothiban L, Upchurch SL. Effects of a diabetes self-management program on glycemic control, coronary heart disease risk, and quality of life among Thai patients with type 2 diabetes. Nursing & Health Sciences. 2007;9(2):135-41.
28. Dunn SM, Beeney LJ, Hoskins PL, Turtle JR. Knowledge and attitude change as predictors of metabolic improvement in diabetes education. Social Science & Medicine. 1990;31(10):1135-41.
29. javanvash z, mojdekanloo m, rastaghi s, Rad M. The effect model-based self-management program 5A on quality of life of elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome Bojnourd Year 1395. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. 2018;25(1):75-82.
30. Pourverdi S, Mohammadi Shahboulaghi F, Kashaninia Z, Rezasoltani P. Effects of self-management program on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and glycosylated hemoglobin. Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery. 2015;25(4):19-28.
31. Dousti F, Maleki A, Chiti H, Faghihzadeh S, Taheri SS. Investigation of the Effect of Individual Counseling of Physical Activity Based on Theory of Planned Behavior on Glycemic Indexes in Women with Gestational Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Qom University of Medical Sciences Journal. 2018;12(9):26-37.
32. Imeni F, Sadeghi M, gholamrezae S. the effect of spirituality group therapy on self-compassion and control of blood sugar in women with type 2 diabetes. Nursing and Midwifery Journal. 2018;16(1):55-64.
33. Amani A, Abbaspoor Z, Afshari P, Jafari Rad S. The effect of education through short massage system on blood glucose control of prediabetic pregnant women. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. 2017;20(5):76-83.
1. Choudhury AA, Rajeswari VD. Gestational diabetes mellitus-A metabolic and reproductive disorder. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2021;143:112183.
2. Diabetes C. Summary of revisions to the 2011 clinical practice recommendations. Diabetes Care. 2011;34:S3.
3. Serlin DC, Lash RW. Diagnosis and management of gestational diabetes mellitus. American family physician. 2009;80(1):57-62.
4. Buckley BS, Harreiter J, Damm P, Corcoy R, Chico A, Simmons D, et al. Gestational diabetes mellitus in Europe: prevalence, current screening practice and barriers to screening. A review. Diabetic medicine. 2012;29(7):844-54.
5. Lee KW, Ching SM, Ramachandran V, Yee A, Hoo FK, Chia YC, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2018;18(1):494.
6. Almasi S, Salehiniya H. The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Iran (1993-2013): a systematic review. J Isfahan Med Sch. 2014;32(299):1396-412.
7. Mirmohammadaliei M, Khakbazan Z, Kazemnejad A, Abbaszadeh F. Comparison of quality of life and depression among women with normal and high risk pregnancies. Journal of hayat. 2007;13(1):35-42.
8. Ford K, Hoyer P, Weglicki L, Kershaw T, Schram C, Jacobson M. Effects of a prenatal care intervention on the self-concept and self-efficacy of adolescent mothers. The Journal of perinatal education. 2001;10(2):15-22.
9. Hashemi T, Aliloo M, Poursharifi H, Bayrami M, NEMATI SF. The role of personality characteristics and coping strategies in self-care of patients with type 2 diabetes. 2013.
10. Hsu C-C, Tu S-T, Sheu WH-H. 2019 Diabetes Atlas: Achievements and challenges in diabetes care in Taiwan. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. 2019;118:S130-S4.
11. Warren-Findlow J, Seymour RB, Huber LRB. The association between self-efficacy and hypertension self-care activities among African American adults. Journal of community health. 2012;37(1):15-24.
12. Millies M, Crighton L, McMurdo M. Using an individualized quality of life measure in older heart failure patient. Int J cardiol. 2007;116(1):40-5.
13. Lissolo S, Cavallo E, Ronchetto F. The problem of the chronic recurrent pain among older in-patients. Minerva medica. 2006;97(2):205-15.
14. Andrews GR. Promoting health and function in an ageing population. Bmj. 2001;322(7288):728-9.
15. Moattari M, Ghobadi A, Beygi P, Pishdad G. Effect of self-management on metabolic indices in insulin dependent diabetic patients. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Lipid Disorders. 2011;10(5):528-35.
16. Nsyhtkn A, Pishua A, Hbybzadh F, Tabatabai M, Qshqayyzadh T, Hafizi F. Determine the reliability and validity of clinical summary quality of life of diabetic patients (DQOL) to Persian. Journal of Diabetes and Lipid Disorder. 2012;11(5):483-7.
17. Solimani Z, Barati H, Mozafari Join A, Ershadi Moqadam H, Mohammadi M. The quality of life of patients with diabetes from the City of Sabzevar during year 2016. Military Caring Sciences Journal. 2017;3(4):264-71.
18. Beigi A, Habibi S, Rezaei Hesar H, Niasty R, Shams Ali Z, Ashoori J, et al. Effect of spiritual training on decreased anxiety and increased quality of life of women with gestational diabetesin the assement of nursing and modern care. Journal of Diabetes Nursing. 2016;4(3):19-29.
19. Niaz Azari M, Abdollahi M, Zabihi Hesari NK, Ashoori J. Effect of spiritual group therapy on anxiety and quality of life among gestational diabetic females. Journal of Religion and Health. 2017;5(1):11-20.
20. Makki s, Emamgholi khooshehchin T, dadashi m. the effects of problem-solving skills training on quality of life in women with gestational diabetes. Nursing and Midwifery Journal. 2019;16(10):760-70.
21. Ghiyasvandian S, Salimi A, Navidhamidi M, Ebrahimi H. Assessing the Effect of Self-Management Education on Quality of Life of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. Knowledce & Health. 2017;12(1):50-6.
22. Saeid pour J, Jafari M, Ghazi Asgar M, Dayani Dardashti H, Teymoorzadeh E. Effect of educational program on quality of life in diabetic patients. Journal of Health Administration. 2013;16(52):26-36.
23. Sharifirad G, Entezari MH, Kamran A, Azadbakht L. The effectiveness of nutritional education on the knowledge of diabetic patients using the health belief model. Journal of research in medical sciences: the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. 2009;14(1):1.
24. Rezaei N, Tahbaz F, Kimyagar M, AlaviMajd H. The effect of nutrition education on knowledge, attitude and practice of type 1 diabetic patients from Aligoodarz. Journal of Shahrekord Uuniversity of Medical Sciences. 2006;8.
25. Baghianimoghadam M, Afkhami Ardekani M. The effect of educational intervention on quality of life of diabetic patients type 2, referee to diabetic research centre of Yazd. The Horizon of Medical Sciences. 2008;13(4):21-8.
26. Aghamolaei T, Eftekhar H, Mohammad K, Sobhani A, Shojaeizadeh D, Nakhjavani M, et al. Influence of educational
intervention using interaction approach on behavior change,
hemoglobin alc and health- related quality of life in diabetic patients. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research. 2005;3(4):1-2.
27. Wattana C, Srisuphan W, Pothiban L, Upchurch SL. Effects of a diabetes self-management program on glycemic control, coronary heart disease risk, and quality of life among Thai patients with type 2 diabetes. Nursing & Health Sciences. 2007;9(2):135-41.
28. Dunn SM, Beeney LJ, Hoskins PL, Turtle JR. Knowledge and attitude change as predictors of metabolic improvement in diabetes education. Social Science & Medicine. 1990;31(10):1135-41.
29. javanvash z, mojdekanloo m, rastaghi s, Rad M. The effect model-based self-management program 5A on quality of life of elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome Bojnourd Year 1395. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. 2018;25(1):75-82.
30. Pourverdi S, Mohammadi Shahboulaghi F, Kashaninia Z, Rezasoltani P. Effects of self-management program on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and glycosylated hemoglobin. Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery. 2015;25(4):19-28.
31. Dousti F, Maleki A, Chiti H, Faghihzadeh S, Taheri SS. Investigation of the Effect of Individual Counseling of Physical Activity Based on Theory of Planned Behavior on Glycemic Indexes in Women with Gestational Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Qom University of Medical Sciences Journal. 2018;12(9):26-37.
32. Imeni F, Sadeghi M, gholamrezae S. the effect of spirituality group therapy on self-compassion and control of blood sugar in women with type 2 diabetes. Nursing and Midwifery Journal. 2018;16(1):55-64.
33. Amani A, Abbaspoor Z, Afshari P, Jafari Rad S. The effect of education through short massage system on blood glucose control of prediabetic pregnant women. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. 2017;20(5):76-83.