Keywords
vaccine hesitancy; COVID-19 vaccine; malaria; African continent
References
1. MacDonald NE; SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy. Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants. Vaccine. 2015 Aug 14;33(34):4161-4. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.036. Epub 2015 Apr 17. PMID: 25896383.
2. World Health Organization. Ten threats to global health in 2019. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/ten-threats-to-global-health-in-2019
3. Machingaidze S, Wiysonge CS, Hussey GD. Strengthening the expanded programme on immunization in Africa: looking beyond 2015. PLoS Med. 2013;10(3):e1001405. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001405. Epub 2013 Mar 19. PMID: 23526886; PMCID: PMC3601964.
4. World Health Organization Global vaccine action plan: Regional vaccine action plans 2016 progress reports. Geneva: WHO; 2016. Available at http://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2016/october/3_Regional_vaccine_action_plans_2016_progress_reports.pdf
5. Patel MK, Gacic-Dobo M, Strebel PM, et al.. Progress toward regional measles elimination – worldwide, 2000–2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016;65(44):1228–33. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6544a6. PMID:2783205
6. World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa. Africa eradicates wild poliovirus. 25 August 2020. Available at: https://www.afro.who.int/news/africa-eradicates-wild-poliovirus
7. World Health Organization. WHO recommends groundbreaking malaria vaccine for children at risk. 06 October 2021. Available at: https://www.who.int/news/item/06-10-2021-who-recommends-groundbreaking-malaria-vaccine-for-children-at-risk
8. Wiysonge CS, Ndwandwe D, Ryan J, Jaca A, Batouré O, Anya BM, Cooper S. Vaccine hesitancy in the era of COVID-19: could lessons from the past help in divining the future? Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021 Mar 8:1-3. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1893062. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33684019.
9. Adamu AA, Essoh TA, Adeyanju GC, Jalo RI, Saleh Y, Aplogan A, Wiysonge CS. Drivers of hesitancy towards recommended childhood vaccines in African settings: a scoping review of literature from Kenya, Malawi and Ethiopia. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2021 May;20(5):611-621. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1899819. Epub 2021 Mar 22. PMID: 33682587.
10. Graboyes, Melissa. “Introduction: Incorporating Medical Research into the History of Medicine in East Africa.” The International Journal of African Historical Studies, vol. 47, no. 3, [Trustees of Boston University, Boston University African Studies Center], 2014, pp. 379–98, http://www.jstor.org/stable/24393435.
11. Lowes, Sara, and Eduardo Montero. 2021. "The Legacy of Colonial Medicine in Central Africa." American Economic Review, 111 (4): 1284-1314. doi: 10.1257/aer.20180284
12. Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine’s Vaccine Confidence Project, & Orb International. (2021). COVID 19 Vaccine Perceptions: A 15 country study. February, 1–70.
13. Angelo AT, Alemayehu DS, Dachew AM. Health care workers intention to accept COVID-19 vaccine and associated factors in southwestern Ethiopia, 2021. PLoS One. 2021 Sep 3;16(9):e0257109. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257109. PMID: 34478470; PMCID: PMC8415602.
14. Simas C, Larson HJ. Overcoming vaccine hesitancy in low-income and middle-income regions. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021 Jun 10;7(1):41. doi: 10.1038/s41572-021-00279-w. PMID: 34112811.
15. Bhopal S, Nielsen M. Vaccine hesitancy in low- and middle-income countries: potential implications for the COVID-19 response. Arch Dis Child. 2021 Feb;106(2):113-114. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-318988. Epub 2020 Sep 10. PMID: 32912868.
16. Feldman-Savelsberg, P., Ndonko, F.T. and Schmidt-Ehry, B. (2000), Sterilizing Vaccines or the Politics of the Womb: Retrospective Study of a Rumor in Cameroon. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 14: 159-179. https://doi.org/10.1525/maq.2000.14.2.159
17. Kummervold, P. E., Schulz, W. S., Smout, E., Fernandez-Luque, L., & Larson, H. J. (2017). Controversial Ebola vaccine trials in Ghana: A thematic analysis of critiques and rebuttals in digital news. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4618-8
18. J. Clements and C. Drake, ‘Combating anti-vaccination rumours: lessons learned from case studies in East Africa’, Case study report, UNICEF Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office, Nairobi, 2002. Available at: https://s3.amazonaws.com/gpei-tk/reference_links/en/2013_UNICEF_ESARO-_Lessons_learned_East_Africa_combatting_rumours.pdf?1505707305
19. Ha W, Salama P, Gwavuya S, Kanjala C. Is religion the forgotten variable in maternal and child health? Evidence from Zimbabwe. Soc Sci Med. 2014 Oct;118:80-8. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.07.066. Epub 2014 Jul 31. PMID: 25108694.
20. Fourn, L., Haddad, S., Fournier, P., & Gansey, R. (2009). Determinants of parents’ reticence toward vaccination in urban areas in Benin (West Africa). BMC International Health and Human Rights, 9(SUPPL.1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-698X-9-S1-S14
21. Aroh A, Asaolu B, Okafor C. T. Myths and models: What’s driving vaccine hesitancy in Africa and how can we overcome it? 07 June 2021. Available at: https://www.africaportal.org/features/myths-and-models-whats-driving-vaccine-hesitancy-in-africa-and-how-can-we-overcome-it/
22. Kaler A. Health interventions and the persistence of rumour: the circulation of sterility stories in African public health campaigns. Soc Sci Med. 2009 May;68(9):1711-9. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.01.038. Epub 2009 Mar 11. PMID: 19282080.
23. Cata-Preta BO, Wehrmeister FC, Santos TM, Barros AJD, Victora CG. Patterns in Wealth-related Inequalities in 86 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Global Evidence on the Emergence of Vaccine Hesitancy. Am J Prev Med. 2021;60(1 Suppl 1):S24-S33. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2020.07.028
24. Afolabi AA, Ilesanmi OS. Dealing with vaccine hesitancy in Africa: the prospective COVID-19 vaccine context. Pan Afr Med J. 2021 Jan 5;38:3. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.3.27401. PMID: 33520072; PMCID: PMC7825371.
25. Cobos Muñoz D, Monzón Llamas L, Bosch-Capblanch X. Exposing concerns about vaccination in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Int J Public Health. 2015;60(7):767-780. doi:10.1007/s00038-015-0715-6
26. Aborode AT, Fajemisin EA, Ekwebelem OC, et al. Vaccine hesitancy in Africa: causes and strategies to the rescue. Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy. January 2021. doi:10.1177/25151355211047514
2. World Health Organization. Ten threats to global health in 2019. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/ten-threats-to-global-health-in-2019
3. Machingaidze S, Wiysonge CS, Hussey GD. Strengthening the expanded programme on immunization in Africa: looking beyond 2015. PLoS Med. 2013;10(3):e1001405. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001405. Epub 2013 Mar 19. PMID: 23526886; PMCID: PMC3601964.
4. World Health Organization Global vaccine action plan: Regional vaccine action plans 2016 progress reports. Geneva: WHO; 2016. Available at http://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2016/october/3_Regional_vaccine_action_plans_2016_progress_reports.pdf
5. Patel MK, Gacic-Dobo M, Strebel PM, et al.. Progress toward regional measles elimination – worldwide, 2000–2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016;65(44):1228–33. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6544a6. PMID:2783205
6. World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa. Africa eradicates wild poliovirus. 25 August 2020. Available at: https://www.afro.who.int/news/africa-eradicates-wild-poliovirus
7. World Health Organization. WHO recommends groundbreaking malaria vaccine for children at risk. 06 October 2021. Available at: https://www.who.int/news/item/06-10-2021-who-recommends-groundbreaking-malaria-vaccine-for-children-at-risk
8. Wiysonge CS, Ndwandwe D, Ryan J, Jaca A, Batouré O, Anya BM, Cooper S. Vaccine hesitancy in the era of COVID-19: could lessons from the past help in divining the future? Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021 Mar 8:1-3. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1893062. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33684019.
9. Adamu AA, Essoh TA, Adeyanju GC, Jalo RI, Saleh Y, Aplogan A, Wiysonge CS. Drivers of hesitancy towards recommended childhood vaccines in African settings: a scoping review of literature from Kenya, Malawi and Ethiopia. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2021 May;20(5):611-621. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1899819. Epub 2021 Mar 22. PMID: 33682587.
10. Graboyes, Melissa. “Introduction: Incorporating Medical Research into the History of Medicine in East Africa.” The International Journal of African Historical Studies, vol. 47, no. 3, [Trustees of Boston University, Boston University African Studies Center], 2014, pp. 379–98, http://www.jstor.org/stable/24393435.
11. Lowes, Sara, and Eduardo Montero. 2021. "The Legacy of Colonial Medicine in Central Africa." American Economic Review, 111 (4): 1284-1314. doi: 10.1257/aer.20180284
12. Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine’s Vaccine Confidence Project, & Orb International. (2021). COVID 19 Vaccine Perceptions: A 15 country study. February, 1–70.
13. Angelo AT, Alemayehu DS, Dachew AM. Health care workers intention to accept COVID-19 vaccine and associated factors in southwestern Ethiopia, 2021. PLoS One. 2021 Sep 3;16(9):e0257109. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257109. PMID: 34478470; PMCID: PMC8415602.
14. Simas C, Larson HJ. Overcoming vaccine hesitancy in low-income and middle-income regions. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021 Jun 10;7(1):41. doi: 10.1038/s41572-021-00279-w. PMID: 34112811.
15. Bhopal S, Nielsen M. Vaccine hesitancy in low- and middle-income countries: potential implications for the COVID-19 response. Arch Dis Child. 2021 Feb;106(2):113-114. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-318988. Epub 2020 Sep 10. PMID: 32912868.
16. Feldman-Savelsberg, P., Ndonko, F.T. and Schmidt-Ehry, B. (2000), Sterilizing Vaccines or the Politics of the Womb: Retrospective Study of a Rumor in Cameroon. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 14: 159-179. https://doi.org/10.1525/maq.2000.14.2.159
17. Kummervold, P. E., Schulz, W. S., Smout, E., Fernandez-Luque, L., & Larson, H. J. (2017). Controversial Ebola vaccine trials in Ghana: A thematic analysis of critiques and rebuttals in digital news. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4618-8
18. J. Clements and C. Drake, ‘Combating anti-vaccination rumours: lessons learned from case studies in East Africa’, Case study report, UNICEF Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office, Nairobi, 2002. Available at: https://s3.amazonaws.com/gpei-tk/reference_links/en/2013_UNICEF_ESARO-_Lessons_learned_East_Africa_combatting_rumours.pdf?1505707305
19. Ha W, Salama P, Gwavuya S, Kanjala C. Is religion the forgotten variable in maternal and child health? Evidence from Zimbabwe. Soc Sci Med. 2014 Oct;118:80-8. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.07.066. Epub 2014 Jul 31. PMID: 25108694.
20. Fourn, L., Haddad, S., Fournier, P., & Gansey, R. (2009). Determinants of parents’ reticence toward vaccination in urban areas in Benin (West Africa). BMC International Health and Human Rights, 9(SUPPL.1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-698X-9-S1-S14
21. Aroh A, Asaolu B, Okafor C. T. Myths and models: What’s driving vaccine hesitancy in Africa and how can we overcome it? 07 June 2021. Available at: https://www.africaportal.org/features/myths-and-models-whats-driving-vaccine-hesitancy-in-africa-and-how-can-we-overcome-it/
22. Kaler A. Health interventions and the persistence of rumour: the circulation of sterility stories in African public health campaigns. Soc Sci Med. 2009 May;68(9):1711-9. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.01.038. Epub 2009 Mar 11. PMID: 19282080.
23. Cata-Preta BO, Wehrmeister FC, Santos TM, Barros AJD, Victora CG. Patterns in Wealth-related Inequalities in 86 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Global Evidence on the Emergence of Vaccine Hesitancy. Am J Prev Med. 2021;60(1 Suppl 1):S24-S33. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2020.07.028
24. Afolabi AA, Ilesanmi OS. Dealing with vaccine hesitancy in Africa: the prospective COVID-19 vaccine context. Pan Afr Med J. 2021 Jan 5;38:3. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.3.27401. PMID: 33520072; PMCID: PMC7825371.
25. Cobos Muñoz D, Monzón Llamas L, Bosch-Capblanch X. Exposing concerns about vaccination in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Int J Public Health. 2015;60(7):767-780. doi:10.1007/s00038-015-0715-6
26. Aborode AT, Fajemisin EA, Ekwebelem OC, et al. Vaccine hesitancy in Africa: causes and strategies to the rescue. Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy. January 2021. doi:10.1177/25151355211047514