Assessment of oral health status and treatment needs of HIV positive transgenders in Odisha - a cross-sectional study

Abstract

 Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes the human immunodeficiency infection which is a major global health problem. Oral  health status of people infected by HIV is also compromised. There is limited literature on oral health status of HIV/AIDS transgenders in Odisha. Aim: This study was conducted to assess the oral health status of HIV‑positive transgenders. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the HIV positive transgenders in Odisha. Snowball sampling technique was employed to reach the population. Oral health was recorded using modified WHO 2013 proforma. Clinical examination using disposable mouth mirror and explorer. Chi square statistics was used for finding the association between the socio-demographic variables and DMFT, CPI, and LOA scores. Results: The study included 153 participants out of which seventy participants belonged to the age group 18-30 years. Majority of the participants were unemployed and most of them had spent around 6-10 years in school. Majority of the participants used toothbrush for cleaning their teeth and the average duration of cleaning tooth was less than two minutes. Toothpick was the most common method used for cleaning interdental areas and none of the participants used dental floss or interdental brushes. The mean DMFT score which was recorded to be 1.424. Around 28.10% (43) inmates had pockets of depth 4mm to 5mm. Loss of attachment of 6mm to 8mm was found in majority (57, 37.25%) of the participants. Most of the participants did not require any prosthesis both in the upper and lower arches. Around 32 participants (20.91%) had very mild fluorosis, 29 participants (18.95%) exhibited signs of moderate fluorosis. Age was found to be significantly associated with loss of attachment score (p = 0.023). Occupation had an association with the DMFT score (p =0.002) while years in school was found to be significantly associated with CPI score (p=0.045). Conclusion: The oral health status of transgenders is poor and needs immediate attention.