Keywords
COVID 19 Pandemic
Preventive Practice
Workplace
Healthcare Workers
Sabah
Malaysia
Preventive Practice
Workplace
Healthcare Workers
Sabah
Malaysia
Abstract
Introduction
We sought to identify determinants of preventive practice against COVID-19 at work among primary healthcare professionals in Sabah, Malaysia.
Method
This was a cross-sectional study involving healthcare workers of the Penampang and Putatan districts of Sabah, Malaysia. A total of 167 health professionals from primary healthcare settings took part in this study via a self-administered questionnaire. Independent t-test and Analysis of Variance were used to determine differences in preventive practice for categorical independent variables. Pearson product-moment correlation was applied to assess the relationship between Job Satisfaction, burnout, and preventive practice. Subsequently, predictors of preventive practice at work among healthcare workers in Sabah were identified through Binomial Logistic Regression.
Results
The prevalence of good preventive practice among health professionals at work was 71.3%. There was no difference in preventive practice between professions. Almost all participants reported having good personal protective equipment compliance and hand hygiene practice at work. Marital status, average sleep hours, job satisfaction, and pandemic-related burnout were identified as significant predictors of preventive practice at primary healthcare facilities.
Conclusions
The outcome of this study is beneficial to the healthcare organization. It can serve as a useful guide to tackle issues related to poor preventive practice against COVID-19 at work for health professionals.
References
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26. Ramírez M, Otero P, Blanco V, Ontaneda M, Díaz O, Vázquez F. Prevalence and correlates of burnout in health professionals in Ecuador. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 2018;82:73-83.
27. Maunder R, Lancee W, Balderson K, Bennett J, Borgundvaag B, Evans S et al. Long-term Psychological and Occupational Effects of Providing Hospital Healthcare during SARS Outbreak. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2006;12(12):1924-1932.
28. De Hert S. Burnout in healthcare workers: Prevalence, impact and preventative strategies. Local Reg Anesth. 2020;13:171–83.
29. Alao M, Durodola A, Ibrahim O, Asinobi O. Assessment of Health Workers’ Knowledge, Beliefs, Attitudes, and Use of Personal Protective Equipment for Prevention of COVID-19 Infection in Low-Resource Settings. Advances in Public Health. 2020;2020:1-10.
30. Bazaid A, Aldarhami A, Binsaleh N, Sherwani S, Althomali O. Knowledge and practice of personal protective measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia. PLOS ONE. 2020;15(12):e0243695.
31. Chen Y, Qin G, Chen J, Xu J, Feng D, Wu X et al. Comparison of Face-Touching Behaviors Before and During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. JAMA Network Open. 2020;3(7):e2016924.
32. Li J, Gong X, Wang Z, Chen R, Li T, Zeng D et al. Clinical features of familial clustering in patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Virus Research. 2020;286:198043.
2. Ashinyo M, Dubik S, Duti V, Amegah K, Ashinyo A, Larsen-Reindorf R et al. Healthcare Workers Exposure Risk Assessment: A Survey among Frontline Workers in Designated COVID-19 Treatment Centers in Ghana. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health. 2020; 11:215013272096948.
3. Infection prevention and control [Internet]. World Health Organization. 2020 [cited 5 February 2021]. Available from: https://www.who.int/westernpacific/emergencies/COVID-19/technical-guidance/infection-prevention-control
4. Haque M, Sartelli M, McKimm J, Abu Bakar M. Health care-associated infections – an overview. Infection and Drug Resistance. 2018;Volume 11:2321-2333.
5. 1,771 healthcare workers in Malaysia infected with COVID-19 [Internet]. CNA. 2021 [cited 13 February 2021]. Available from: https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/COVID-19-malaysia-healthcare-workers-nurses-infected-13801794
6. Asemahagn M. Factors determining the knowledge and prevention practice of healthcare workers towards COVID-19 in Amhara region, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional survey. Tropical Medicine and Health. 2020;48(1).
7. Zhang M, Zhou M, Tang F, Wang Y, Nie H, Zhang L et al. Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 among healthcare workers in Henan, China. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2020;105(2):183-187.
8. Ofei-Dodoo S, Kellerman R, Gilchrist K, Casey E. Burnout and Quality of Life among Active Member Physicians of the Medical Society of Sedgwick County. Kansas Journal of Medicine. 2019;12(2):33-39.
9. Khasne R, Dhakulkar B, Mahajan H. Burnout among Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Results of a Questionnaire-based Survey. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine. 2020;24(8):664-671.
10. Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, Dong J et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research. 2020;287:112934.
11. Official Website Of The SABAH STATE GOVERNMENT [Internet]. Sabah.gov.my. 2021 [cited 1 February 2021]. Available from: https://www.sabah.gov.my/cms/?q=en/content/geography
12. Andrew Chin R, Chua Y, Chu M, Mahadi N, Wong M, Yusoff M et al. Investigating validity evidence of the Malay translation of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences. 2018;13(1):1-9.
13. Khasne R, Dhakulkar B, Mahajan H. Burnout among Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Results of a Questionnaire-based Survey. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine. 2020;24(8):664-671.
14. Leggat S, Karimi L, Bartram T. A path analysis study of factors influencing hospital staff perceptions of quality of care factors associated with patient satisfaction and patient experience. BMC Health Services Research. 2017;17(1).
15. Assefa J, Diress G, Adane S. Infection prevention knowledge, practice, and its associated factors among healthcare providers in primary healthcare unit of Wogdie District, Northeast Ethiopia, 2019: a cross-sectional study. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control. 2020;9(1).
16. Limbu D, Piryani R, Sunny A. Healthcare workers’ knowledge, attitude and practices during the COVID-19 pandemic response in a tertiary care hospital of Nepal. PLOS ONE. 2020;15(11):e0242126.
17. Lai X, Wang X, Yang Q, Xu X, Tang Y, Liu C et al. Will healthcare workers improve infection prevention and control behaviors as COVID-19 risk emerges and increases, in China?. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control. 2020;9(1).
18. World Health Organization. First Global Patient Safety Challenge Clean Care is Safer Care. WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care. 2009;.
19. Al-Dossary R, Alamri M, Albaqawi H, Al Hosis K, Aljeldah M, Aljohan M et al. Awareness, Attitudes, Prevention, and Perceptions of COVID-19 Outbreak among Nurses in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(21):8269.
20. Abou-Abbas L, Nasser Z, Fares Y, Chahrour M, El Haidari R, Atoui R. Knowledge and practice of physicians during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in Lebanon. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1).
21. Hussain I, Majeed A, Imran I, Ullah M, Hashmi F, Saeed H et al. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Toward COVID-19 in Primary Healthcare Providers: A Cross-Sectional Study from Three Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar, Pakistan. Journal of Community Health. 2020;.
22. Appleton K, House A, Dowell A. A survey of job satisfaction, sources of stress and psychological symptoms among general practitioners in Leeds. BJGP. 1998;48:1059–1063.
23. Asmara A, Hariyati R, Handiyani H, Avia I. Analysis of Infection Prevention Control Nurse performance: A descriptive study. Enfermería Clínica. 2019;29:36-40.
24. Frost P, Kolstad H, Bonde J. Shift work and the risk of ischemic heart disease – a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health. 2009;35(3):163-179.
25. Puttonen S, Härmä M, Hublin C. Shift work and cardiovascular disease – pathways from circadian stress to morbidity. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health. 2010;36(2):96-108.
26. Ramírez M, Otero P, Blanco V, Ontaneda M, Díaz O, Vázquez F. Prevalence and correlates of burnout in health professionals in Ecuador. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 2018;82:73-83.
27. Maunder R, Lancee W, Balderson K, Bennett J, Borgundvaag B, Evans S et al. Long-term Psychological and Occupational Effects of Providing Hospital Healthcare during SARS Outbreak. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2006;12(12):1924-1932.
28. De Hert S. Burnout in healthcare workers: Prevalence, impact and preventative strategies. Local Reg Anesth. 2020;13:171–83.
29. Alao M, Durodola A, Ibrahim O, Asinobi O. Assessment of Health Workers’ Knowledge, Beliefs, Attitudes, and Use of Personal Protective Equipment for Prevention of COVID-19 Infection in Low-Resource Settings. Advances in Public Health. 2020;2020:1-10.
30. Bazaid A, Aldarhami A, Binsaleh N, Sherwani S, Althomali O. Knowledge and practice of personal protective measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia. PLOS ONE. 2020;15(12):e0243695.
31. Chen Y, Qin G, Chen J, Xu J, Feng D, Wu X et al. Comparison of Face-Touching Behaviors Before and During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. JAMA Network Open. 2020;3(7):e2016924.
32. Li J, Gong X, Wang Z, Chen R, Li T, Zeng D et al. Clinical features of familial clustering in patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Virus Research. 2020;286:198043.