Keywords
Hepatitis b virus
blood groups
ABO
Rh antigen
Adolescents
Nigeria
blood groups
ABO
Rh antigen
Adolescents
Nigeria
Abstract
Background: Several diseases are reported to be associated with ABO/Rh blood groups. Data on the association between ABO and Rh D blood group antigens in the Nigerian population is sparse. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of HBV infection as well as its association with ABO and Rh D antigens among young Nigerian adults.
Methods: Whole blood was collected from 496 students and screened for the presence of HBsAg using immuno-chromatographic technique. The ABO as well as Rh D antigen status of participants was also determined using standard techniques. .
Results: The prevalence of HBV infection was 2.10%. Over half (51.5%) of subjects were of the blood group O type, while 3.6% were of the AB blood type which was the least in occurrence. Rh D negative blood group was observed among 24 (4.8%) subjects. Those with the B blood type were observed to have an insignificantly (P = 0.3105) higher prevalence of HBV infection. However, with respect to Rh D antigen alone, participants negative for the antigen were observed to have a five times higher risk of acquiring HBV infection than those positive for it (OR = 5.273, 95% CI = 1.056, 26.321, P = 0.079). Combining the ABO and Rh blood group systems, an association (OR = 20.174; P = 0.059) was found to exist between B Rh D negative status and HBV infection.
Conclusion: A combination of the presence of B antigen and absence of Rh D antigen increases the risk of acquiring HBV infection.
References
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24. Cooling L. Blood Groups in Infection and Host Susceptibility. Clin Microbial Rev 2015; 28(3): 801–870. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00109-14.
25. Yamamoto F, Cid E, Yamamoto M, Blanchar A. ABO research in the modern era of genomics. Transfus Med Rev 2012; 26:103–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmrv.2011.08.002.
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27. Burgner D, Jamieson SE, Blackwel JM. Genetic susceptibility to infectious diseases: big is beautiful, but will bigger be even better?. Lancet Infect Dis 2006; 6(10): 653–663. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70601
28. Kaňková Š, Šulc J, Flegr J. Increased pregnancy weight gain in women with latent toxoplasmosis and RhD-positivity protection against this effect. Parasitol 2010; 137: 1773–1779. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182010000661.
29. Flegr J, Geryk J, Volny J, Klose J, Cernochova D. Rhesus factor modulation of effects of smoking and age on psychomotor performance, intelligence, personality profile, and health in Czech soldiers. PLoS ONE 2012; 7: e49478. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0049478.
30. Valsamakis A. Molecular Testing in the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Hepatitis B. Clin Microbiol Rev; 2007; 426–439. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00009-07.
2. Yamamoto F, Clausen H, White T, Marken J, Hakomori S. Molecular genetic
basis of the histo-blood group ABO system. Nature 1990; 345(6272):229–233.
3. Nardozza LMM, Szulman A, Barreto J, Junior EA, Moron AF.. The molecular basis of rh system and its applications in obstetrics and transfusion medicine. Rev Assoc Med Bras 2010; 56(6): 724-728. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-42302010000600026.
4. Musa BM, Bussell S, Borodo MM,Samaila AA, Femi OL. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in Nigeria 2000-2013: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Niger J Clin Pract. 2015;18:163–172.https://doi.org/10.4103/1119-3077.151035.
5. Ola SO, Odaibo, GN. Alfa‑feto protein, HCV and HBV infections in Nigerian patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Nigerian Med Practioner 2007; 51:33‑35. https://doi.org/10.4314/nmp.v51i3.28903.
6. Eastlund T. The histo-blood group ABO system and tissue transplantation. Transf 1998; 38:975–88. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.1998.381098440863.x
7. Ewald RD, Sumner SCJ. Blood Type Biochemistry and Human Disease. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med 2016; 8(6): 517–535. https://doi.org/10.1002/wsbm.1355
8. Garratty G. Blood groups and disease: a historical perspective. Transfus Med Rev 2000; 14: 291– 301. https://doi.org/10.1053/tmrv.2000.16228.
9. Chen Y, Chen Y, Chen G, Chui CH. ABO blood group and susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome. JAMA 2005; 293:1450–1451. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.12.1450-c.
10. Li Q, Yu CH, Yu JH, Liu L, Xie S, Li W et al. ABO Blood Group and the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B. PLoS ONE 2012; 7(1): e29928. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029928.
11. Jing W, Siyu Zhao, Jue Liu, Min Liu. ABO blood groups and hepatitis B virus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e034114.
12. Emeribe AO, Ejezie GC. ABO blood groups distribution in relation to hepatitis B surface antigen and the presence of lipoidophil antibodies. East Afr Med J 1992; 69, 1466–1488.
13. Nworie A, Nwadi LC, Boniface UN, Micheal EO, Ilechukwu G, Onyekachi IE et al. .Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection Amongst Staff of a Nigerian University Afr. J. Biomed. Res 2018; 21: 263- 266.
14. Aljooani OAA, Al-Hayani NN, Mohammed MJ. The infection with HBV and HCV and their relationship to ABO blood group among blood donors. J Fac Med Baghdad 2012; 54(1): 52-56.
15. Hamed CT, Bollahi MA, Abdelhamid I, Mahmoud M, Gahber S, Habti N et al.
Frequencies and ethnic distribution of ABO and Rh (D) blood groups in
Mauritania: results of first nationwide study. Int J Immunogene 2012; 39
(2):151–154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2011.01064.x.
16. Handra T, Gupta A. Frequency of ABO and rhesus blood groups in blood
donors. Asian J Trans Sci 2012; 6(1):52–53. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-6247.95057.
17. Agrawal A, Tiwari AK, Mehta N, Bhattacharya P, Wankede R, Tulsiani S et al. ABO and Rh (D) group distribution and gene frequency; the first multicentric study in India. Asian J Transfus Sci 2014; 8 (2): 121-125.
18. Olugbemi O, Ajibola M, Ojone M, Joseph D, Denen A, Alexandra A. Blood group distribution pattern among adult who attended Federal Medical Centre, Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria. Am J Health Res 2013; 1(3):95–98. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20130103.19.
19. Alemu G, Mama M. Assessing ABO/Rh Blood Group Frequency and Association with Asymptomatic Malaria among Blood Donors Attending Arba Minch Blood Bank, South Ethiopia. Malar Res Treat Volume 2016; Article ID 8043768, 7 pages. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8043768.
20. Golassa L, Tsegaye A, Erko B, Mamo H. High rhesus (Rh(D)) negative frequency and ethnic-group based ABO blood group distribution in Ethiopia, BMC Res Notes 2017; 10: 330. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-017-2644-3.
21. Behal R, Jain R, Behal KK, Bhagoliwai A, Aggarwal N, Dhole TN. Seroprevalence and risk factors for hepatitis b virus infection among general population in northern India. Arq Gastroenterol 2008; 45(2): 137-140. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0004-28032008000200009.
22. Zuckerman AJ, McDonald JC . ABO Blood Groups and Acute Hepatitis. Bri Med J 1963; 2(5356): 537–538. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.5356.537.
23. Pourhassan A. Association Between ABO Blood/ Rhesus Grouping and Hepatitis B and C: A Case-control Study. Pakistan J of Biol Sci 2014; 17(6); 868-871. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2014.868.871.
24. Cooling L. Blood Groups in Infection and Host Susceptibility. Clin Microbial Rev 2015; 28(3): 801–870. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00109-14.
25. Yamamoto F, Cid E, Yamamoto M, Blanchar A. ABO research in the modern era of genomics. Transfus Med Rev 2012; 26:103–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmrv.2011.08.002.
26. Pourkarim MR, Amini-Bavil-Olyaee S, Kurbanov F, Ranst MV, Tacke F. Molecular identification of hepatitis B virus genotypes/subgenotypes: Revised classification hurdles and updated resolutions. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20(23): 7152–7168. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i23.7152.
27. Burgner D, Jamieson SE, Blackwel JM. Genetic susceptibility to infectious diseases: big is beautiful, but will bigger be even better?. Lancet Infect Dis 2006; 6(10): 653–663. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70601
28. Kaňková Š, Šulc J, Flegr J. Increased pregnancy weight gain in women with latent toxoplasmosis and RhD-positivity protection against this effect. Parasitol 2010; 137: 1773–1779. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182010000661.
29. Flegr J, Geryk J, Volny J, Klose J, Cernochova D. Rhesus factor modulation of effects of smoking and age on psychomotor performance, intelligence, personality profile, and health in Czech soldiers. PLoS ONE 2012; 7: e49478. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0049478.
30. Valsamakis A. Molecular Testing in the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Hepatitis B. Clin Microbiol Rev; 2007; 426–439. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00009-07.