Keywords
Exercise behavior; exercise response ; health behavior; sleep, students.
Abstract
Objective – There is mixed findings on the association between physical activity and sleep. Hence this study investigated association of level and type of physical activity with short term insomnia among college students.
Methods - A cross sectional study was conducted among college students in India. Six hundred sixty two students were included, with a mean age of 23.2 ± 3.5 years.The sample consisted of 359 males and 303 females. The predictor variables were self reported type and physical activity level and predicted variables were self reported sleep complaints.Physical activity components were aseesesed through international physical activity questionnaire – short form and sleep complaints using Pitssburg sleep questionnaire . The binary logistic regression models were used for data analysis. Level of significance was set at p < 0.05 for all the analysis.
Results – The self reported symptoms of short trem insomnia such as global sleep quality (adjusted odds ratio(AOR)=15.58) , subjective sleep quality (AOR=6.01), sleep latency (AOR= 5.09) , sleep duration (AOR=0.13), sleep disturbances (AOR=4.88), day time sleep dysfunction (AOR=5.59) had shown association with level of physical activity. There was no association of type of physical activity with any other predicted variables studied.
Conclusions – The findings of the present study supports that level of physical activity is a key predictor of short term insomnia symptoms among college students. Different interventions startegies may be developed and implemented to improve the level of physical activity among students.
References
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2. Chattu VK, Sakhamuri SM, Kumar R, Spence DW, BaHammam AS, Pandi-Perumal SR. Insufficient sleep syndrome: Is it time to classify it as a major non communicable disease? Sleep Sci. 2018 Mar;11(2):57-64. https://doi.org/ 10.5935/1984-0063.20180013
3. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. International classification of sleep disorders, 3rd ed. Darien, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2014.
4. Hershner SD, Chervin RD. Causes and consequences of sleepiness among college students. Nat Sci Sleep. 2014;6:73. https://doi.org/:10.2147/NSS.S62907
5. Irwin JD. Prevalence of university students' sufficient physical activity: a systematic review. Percept Mot Skills. 2004 Jun;98: 927-943. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.98.3.927-943
6. Nowak PF, Bożek A, Blukacz M. Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Quality of Life among University Students. Biomed Res Int. 2019 Dec:18. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9791281
7. Calestine J, Bopp M, Bopp CM, Papalia Z. College student work habits are related to physical activity and fitness. Int J Exerc Sci . 2017 Nov 1;10(7):1009-1017.
8. Phan DV, Chan CL, Pan RH, Yang NP, Hsu HC, Ting HW, Lai KR. A study of the effects of daily physical activity on memory and attention capacities in college students. J Healthc Eng . 2018 Mar 22;2018:1. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2942930
9. Mollayeva T, Thurairajah P, Burton K, Mollayeva S, Shapiro CM, Colantonio A. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index as a screening tool for sleep dysfunction in clinical and non-clinical samples: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2016 Feb;25:52-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2015.01.009
10. Alsaadi SM, McAuley JH, Hush JM, Bartlett DJ, Henschke N, Grunstein RR, Maher CG. Detecting insomnia in patients with low back pain: accuracy of four self-report sleep measures. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2013 Jun 27;14:196. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-14-196
11. IPAQ. Guidelines for Data Processing and Analysis of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire ( IPAQ ) – Short and Long Forms, revised on November 2005. Ipaq. 2005;(November):1-15. https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536812034848
12. Kline CE. The bidirectional relationship between exercise and sleep: implications for exercise adherence and sleep improvement. Am J Lifestyle Med. Nov-Dec 2014;8(6):375-379. https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827614544437
13. Wang F, Boros S. The effect of physical activity on sleep quality: a systematic review. Eur J Physiother.2019 Jun 20; https://doi.org/10.1080/21679169.2019.1623314
14. Štefan L, Sporiš G, Krističević T, Knjaz D. Associations between sleep quality and its domains and insufficient physical activity in a large sample of Croatian young adults: a cross-sectional study. BMJ open,2018; 8(7), e021902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021902
15. Kaur G, Singh A. Excessive daytime sleepiness and its pattern among Indian college students. Sleep Med . 2017 Jan;29:23-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2016.08.020
16. Peltzer K, Pengpid S. Nocturnal sleep problems among university students from 26 countries. Sleep Breath. 2015 May;19(2):499-508. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-014-1036-3
17. Lee PH, Macfarlane DJ, Lam T, Stewart SM. Validity of the international physical activity questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF): A systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011 Oct 21;8:115. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-8-115
18. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res . 1989 May;28(2):193-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4
19. Grandner MA, Kripke DF, Yoon IY, Youngstedt SD. Criterion validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: Investigation in a non-clinical sample. Sleep Biol Rhythms. 2006 Jun;4(2):129-139. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-8425.2006.00207.x
20. Manzar MD, BaHammam AS, Hameed UA, Spence DW, Pandi-Perumal SR, Moscovitch A, et al. Dimensionality of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A systematic review. Health Qual Life Outcomes . 2018 May 9;16(1):89. doi:10.1186/s12955-018-0915-x
21. Gelaye B, Lohsoonthorn V, Lertmeharit S, Pensuksan WC, Sanchez SE, Lemma S, et al. Construct validity and factor structure of the pittsburgh sleep quality index and epworth sleepiness scale in a multi-national study of African, South East Asian and South American college students. PLoS One . 2014 Dec 31;9(12):e116383. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116383
22. Manzar MD, Moiz JA, Zannat W, Spence DW, Pandi-Perumal SR, BaHammam AS, et al. Validity of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index in Indian university students Oman Med J . 2015 May;30(3):193-202. https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2015.41
23. Manzar MD, Salahuddin M, Maru TT, Dadi TL, Abiche MG, Abateneh DD, Pandi-Perumal SR, Bahammam AS. Sleep correlates of substance use in community-dwelling Ethiopian adults. Sleep Breath . 2017 Dec;21(4):1005-1011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-017-1567-5
24. Manzar MD, Rajput MM, Zannat W, Hameed UA, Al-Jarrah MD, Spence DW, et al. Association between sleep quality and inflammatory complement components in collegiate males. Sleep Breath . 2016 May;20(2):867-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-015-1249-0
25. Cheng SH, Shih CC, Lee IH, Hou YW, Chen KC, Chen KT,, et al. A study on the sleep quality of incoming university students. Psychiatry Res . 2012 May 30;197(3):270-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2011.08.011
26. Colten HR, Altevogt BM. (eds) Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation: An Unmet Public Health Problem National Academies Press; 2006 Oct 13.
27. Bahammam AS, Al-Khairy OK, Al-Taweel AA. Sleep habits and patterns among medical students. Neurosciences (Riyadh) . 2005 Apr;10(2):159-62.
28. Lang C, Kalak N, Brand S, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Pühse U, Gerber M. The relationship between physical activity and sleep from mid adolescence to early adulthood. A systematic review of methodological approaches and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2016 Aug;28:32-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2015.07.004
29. Brand S, Kalak N, Gerber M, Kirov R, Pühse U, Holsboer-Trachsler E. High self-perceived exercise exertion before bedtime is associated with greater objectively assessed sleep efficiency. Sleep Med . 2014 Sep;15(9):1031-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2014.05.016
30. Kredlow MA, Capozzoli MC, Hearon BA, Calkins AW, Otto MW. The effects of physical activity on sleep: a meta-analytic review. J Behav Med . 2015 Jun;38(3):427-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-015-9617-6
31. Dishman RK, Sui X, Church TS, Kline CE, Youngstedt SD, Blair SN. Decline in cardiorespiratory fitness and odds of incident sleep complaints. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015 May;47(5):960-6. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000506
32. Erlacher C, Erlacher D, Schredl M. The effects of exercise on self-rated sleep among adults with chronic sleep complaints. J Sport Heal Sci. 2015 Sep; 4(3): 289-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2014.01.001
33. Arnulf I, Mabrouk T, Mohamed K, Konofal E, Derenne JP, Couratier P. Stages 1-2 non-rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder associated with dementia: A new parasomnia?
Mov Disord . 2005 Sep;20(9):1223-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.20517
34. Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, Franklin BA, Lamonte MJ, Lee IM, et al. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: Guidance for prescribing exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Jul;43(7):1334-59. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb
35. Stults-Kolehmainen M A, Sinha R. The effects of stress on physical activity and exercise. Sports Med. Sports Med . 2014 Jan;44(1):81-121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0090-5