Abstract
Introduction: Psychometric evaluation of the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), a well-used scale for measuring health-related quality of life (HrQoL), has not been done in general populations in Indonesia. This study assessed the validity and reliability of the SF-12 in middle-aged and older adults.
Methods: In total, 161 adults aged 46-81 years (70% female) self-completed the SF-12 and SF-36. Scaling assumptions, internal consistency reliability, and 1-week test-retest reliability were assessed for the SF-12. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess its construct validity. Correlations between SF-12 and SF-36 component scores were computed to assess convergent and divergent validity. Effect size differences were calculated between SF-12 and SF-36 component scores for assessing criterion validity.
Results: Scaling assumptions were satisfactory. Internal consistency for the SF-12 Physical Component Summary (PCS-12) and the Mental Component Summary (MCS-12) were acceptable (a=0.72 and 0.73, respectively) and test-retest reliability was excellent (ICC=0.88 and 0.75, respectively). A moderate fit of the original two-latent structure to the data was found (root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA]=0.08). Allowing a correlation between physical and emotional role limitation subscales improved fit (RMSEA=0.04). Correlations between SF-12 and SF-36 component summary scores support convergent and divergent validity although a medium effect size difference between PCS-12 and PCS-36 (Cohen’s d=0.61) was found.
Conclusion: This study provides the first evidence that SF-12 is a reliable and valid measure of HrQoL in Indonesian middle-aged and older adults. The algorithm for computing SF-12 and its association with SF-36 in the Indonesian population warrant further investigation.
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