Keywords
Pregnant women, Nutrition during pregnancy, Culture, beliefs
Abstract
Introduction: During the pregnancy, a woman as a healthy person grows another human being in her body and needs more cares due to changes in psychological and physical needs. This study aimed to explore the nutritional beliefs of pregnant women in Yazd city.
Methods: This was a qualitative study conducted with a conventional content analysis approach. A total of 12 participants were selected from women referred to the community health centers in Yazd, Iran, by the purposeful sampling method. Data were collected through recorded semi-structured interviews that were transcribed verbatim and analyzed by the Lundman and Granheim’s content analysis method.
Results: In this study, after analyzing the data, 10 main categories and 26 subcategories were extracted. The codes were 446 cases with no overlap, which was reduced after careful review and integration of similar items. Topics of categories included: The concept of nutrition during pregnancy, Nutrition limitations during pregnancy, Myths about food during pregnancy, Doubts about nutrition during pregnancy, Pregnancy food style, Sources of nutritional information in pregnancy, Positive Consequences of Healthy Nutrition in Pregnancy, Consequences of inappropriate pregnancy nutrition, Religious Beliefs in Pregnancy Nutrition, social support.
Conclusion: The results indicated that the women were committed to their own nutritional beliefs that derive from their culture and this study provided a clear picture of the cultural beliefs of Yazdi women regarding pregnancy nutrition. According to the results, it is necessary to design the education process based on the culture of the community in order for that process to be effective.
References
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28. Forster DA, Denning A, Wills G, Bolger M, McCarthy E. Herbal medicine use during pregnancy in a group of Australian women. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2006;6(1):21.
29.Bianchi CM, Huneau J-F, Le Goff G, Verger EO, Mariotti F, Gurviez P. Concerns, attitudes, beliefs and information seeking practices with respect to nutrition-related issues: a qualitative study in French pregnant women. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2016;16(1):306.
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34. Yeasmin SF, Regmi K. A qualitative study on the food habits and related beliefs of pregnant British Bangladeshis. Health care for women international. 2013;34(5):395-415.
35. Costa DD, Dritsa M, Larouche J, Brender W. Psychosocial predictors of labor/delivery complications and infant birth weight: a prospective multivariate study. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2000;21(3):137-48.
36. Aboul-Enein BH. Health-promoting verses as mentioned in the Holy Quran. Journal of religion and health. 2016;55(3):821-9.(persian)
2. Sedaghati P, Ardjmand A. Does Regular Ergometeric Training Have Any Effect On The Pregnancy Outcome? Iranian Journal of Pediatrics. 2006;16(3):325-31.(persian)
3. Askari S, Bakhshi H. Knowledge, attitude and practice of prenatal care among women in Rafsanjan (2000). 2002. .(persian)
4. Burr M, Trembeth J, Jones K, Geen J, Lynch L, Roberts Z. The effects of dietary advice and vouchers on the intake of fruit and fruit juice by pregnant women in a deprived area: a controlled trial. Public health nutrition. 2007;10(6):559-65.
5. Jackson RA, Stotland NE, Caughey AB, Gerbert B. Improving diet and exercise in pregnancy with Video Doctor counseling: a randomized trial. Patient education and counseling. 2011;83(2):203-9.
6. Widen E, Siega-Riz AM. Prenatal nutrition: a practical guide for assessment and counseling. Journal of midwifery & women's health. 2010;55(6):540-9.
7. Jalily M, Barati M, Bashirian S. Using social cognitive theory to determine factors predicting nutritional behaviors in pregnant women visiting health centers in Tabriz, Iran. J Educ Community Health. 2015;1(4):11-21. .(persian)
8. Shakeri M. The effect of educational program based on basnef model on the nutritional behavior of pregnant women. Int Res J Applied Basic Sci. 2013;5(12):1606-11. .(persian)
9. Zepro NB. Food taboos and misconceptions among pregnant women of Shashemene District, Ethiopia, 2012. Sci J Public Health. 2015;3(3):410-6.
10. Oni OA, Tukur J. Identifying pregnant women who would adhere to food taboos in a rural community: a community-based study. African journal of reproductive health. 2012;16(3).
11.Karimy M, Taher M, Fayazi N, Bayati S, Rezaei E, Rahnama F. Beliefs effective on nutritional practices of pregnant women in health centers of Saveh, Iran. J Educ Community Health. 2015;2(3):28-35. (persian)
12. M'soka NC, Mabuza LH, Pretorius D. Cultural and health beliefs of pregnant women in Zambia regarding pregnancy and child birth. curationis. 2015;38(1):1-7.
13. .Kamalifard M, Ebrahimimamagani M, Omidi F. The effect of educational package on nutritional knowledge and behavior toward the coping with complication and supplementconsumption. Armaghane danesh. 2013;18(3):228-40. .(persian)
14. Fahimen SS, Sedigheh SK, Kushavar H, Fatemeh S, Shafaie FS. The review on lifestyle and its relation with the pregnancy outcomes in the pregnant women coming to educational hospitals of Tabriz in 2004. Research Journal of Medical Sciences. 2007;1(2):91-4. (persian)
15. Yadegari L, Dolatian M, Mahmoodi Z, Shahsavari S, Sharifi N. The relationship between socioeconomic factors and food security in pregnant women. Shiraz E-Medical Journal. 2017;18(1). (persian)
16. Jung Y-M, Choi M-J. Nutrient intake according to weight gain during pregnancy, job status, and household income. Clinical nutrition research. 2017;6(1):27-37.
17. Yazdkhasti M, Pourreza A, Pirak A, Abdi F. Unintended pregnancy and its adverse social and economic consequences on health system: a narrative review article. Iranian journal of public health. 2015;44(1):12..(persian)
18. Gabra A. Risk Factors of Hyperemesis Gravidarum. Health Science Journal. 2018;12(6):1-5.
19. Lee A, Newton M, Radcliffe J, Belski R. Pregnancy nutrition knowledge and experiences of pregnant women and antenatal care clinicians: A mixed methods approach. Women and Birth. 2018;31(4):269-77.
20. Von Ehrenstein O, Aralis H, Flores M, Ritz B. Fast food consumption in pregnancy and subsequent asthma symptoms in young children. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. 2015;26(6):571-7.
21. Reyes NR, Klotz AA, Herring SJ. A qualitative study of motivators and barriers to healthy eating in pregnancy for low-income, overweight, African-American mothers. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2013;113(9):1175-81.
22. Ugwa E. Nutritional practices and taboos among pregnant women attending antenatal care at general hospital in Kano, Northwest Nigeria. Annals of medical and health sciences research. 2016;6(2):109-14.
23. Demissie T, Muroki N, Kogi-Makau W. Food taboos among pregnant women in Hadiya Zone, Ethiopia. Ethnicity. 1998;250(65.4):34-6.
24. Zerfu TA, Umeta M, Baye K. Dietary habits, food taboos, and perceptions towards weight gain during pregnancy in Arsi, rural central Ethiopia: a qualitative cross-sectional study. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition. 2016;35(1):22.
25. Ojofeitimi E, Elegbe I, Babafemi J. Diet restriction by pregnant women in Nigeria. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 1982;20(2):99-103.
26. Farahaninia M, Farahaninia S, Chamari M, Haghani H. Nutritional pattern of pregnant women attending to health centers affiliated to Tehran university of medical sciences. Iran Journal of Nursing. 2013;25(80):34-45.(persian)
27. Burrowes JD. Nutrition for a lifetime: maternal nutrition. Nutrition today. 2006;41(6):267-73.
28. Forster DA, Denning A, Wills G, Bolger M, McCarthy E. Herbal medicine use during pregnancy in a group of Australian women. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2006;6(1):21.
29.Bianchi CM, Huneau J-F, Le Goff G, Verger EO, Mariotti F, Gurviez P. Concerns, attitudes, beliefs and information seeking practices with respect to nutrition-related issues: a qualitative study in French pregnant women. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2016;16(1):306.
30. Martell LK. The mother-daughter relationship during daughter's first pregnancy: The transition experience. Holistic Nursing Practice. 1990;4(3):47-55.
31. Hromi-Fiedler A, Chapman D, Segura-Pérez S, Damio G, Clark P, Martinez J, et al. Barriers and facilitators to improve fruit and vegetable intake among WIC-eligible pregnant Latinas: An application of the health action process approach framework. Journal of nutrition education and behavior. 2016;48(7):468-77. e1.
32. Lennox J, Petrucka P, Bassendowski S. Eating practices during pregnancy: perceptions of select Maasai women in Northern Tanzania. Global health research and policy. 2017;2(1):9.
33. Martin CL, Sotres-Alvarez D, Siega-Riz AM. Maternal dietary patterns during the second trimester are associated with preterm birth. The Journal of nutrition. 2015;145(8):1857-64.
34. Yeasmin SF, Regmi K. A qualitative study on the food habits and related beliefs of pregnant British Bangladeshis. Health care for women international. 2013;34(5):395-415.
35. Costa DD, Dritsa M, Larouche J, Brender W. Psychosocial predictors of labor/delivery complications and infant birth weight: a prospective multivariate study. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2000;21(3):137-48.
36. Aboul-Enein BH. Health-promoting verses as mentioned in the Holy Quran. Journal of religion and health. 2016;55(3):821-9.(persian)