Knowledge, attitude and practice of hygiene and sanitation among food-handlers in a psychiatric hospital in Indonesia - a mixed method study
pdf

Keywords

Food handler
hygiene and sanitation
psychiatric hospital
knowledge, attitude and practice

Abstract

Introduction. In a psychiatric hospital that also provides nutritional service, food hygiene and sanitation is considered as an important factor to prevent infection. This study aimed to describe knowledge, attitude, and practice of hygiene and sanitation and the contributing factors in food-handlers of a psychiatric hospital.

Methods. A mixed method study was conducted in a referral mental health hospital in Central Java, Indonesia. To obtain the quantitative data, 37 food-handlers were recruited through a purposive sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to measure knowledge and attitude, while hygiene and sanitation practice was observed directly using a checklist. In-depth interview was carried out with food-handlers as well as supervisors of food production and distribution at the Nutrition Unit. Rank Spearman correlation and Kruskal Wallis test with content analysis were utilized for data analysis.

Results. A total of 33 (89%) and 31 (84%) subjects had respectively good knowledge and attitude regarding hygiene and sanitation. However, more than one third (38%) of food-handlers performed poor hygiene and sanitation practice. No correlations were found between knowledge, attitude, and practice regardless of any combination between two factors (p > 0.05). Possible causes of unfavourable hygiene and sanitation practice included person-related factors and human resource management. Further analysis indicated that training received by food-handlers had an association with their practices (p < 0.05).

Conclusion. Knowledge and attitude on hygiene and sanitation are generally good among food-handlers in the psychiatric hospital. There is a need to improve the practice through training programs.

https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2020.61.4.1526
pdf

References

Ministry of Health Indonesia. Law no. 18 of 2014 about Mental Health. Available at: http://yankes.kemkes.go.id/assets/downloads/UU%20No.%2018%20Th%202014%20ttg%20Kesehatan%20Jiwa.pdf. Accessed on 26/06/2018.
Abayomi J, Hackett A. Assessment of malnutrition in mental health clients: nurses' judgement vs. a nutrition risk tool. J Adv Nurs 2004;45(4):430-7. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02926.x
Van Wijk E, Traut A, Julie H. Environmental and nursing-staff factors contributing to aggressive and violent behaviour of patients in mental health facilities. Curationis 2014;37(1):1-9.
World Health Organization (WHO). Prevention of Hospital-Acquired Infection A Practical Guide 2nd Edition. Available at: http://www.who.int/csr/resources/ publications/whocdscsreph200212.pdf. Accessed on 26/06/2018.
World Health Organization (WHO). Healthcare-associated infections fact sheet, 2015. Available at: http://www.who.int/gpsc/country_work/gpsc_ccisc_fact_sheet_en.pdf. Accessed on 21/01/2018.
Wall PG, Ryan MJ, Ward LR, Rowe B. Outbreaks of Salmonellossis in hospitals in England and Wales: 1992-1994. J Hosp Infect 1996;33(3):181-90. doi: 10.1016/S0195-6701(96)90001-8.
Collins E, Drake M, Deacon M, The Physical Care of People with Mental Health Problems: A Guide for Best Practice. London: SAGE Publication; 2013.
Ministry of Health Indonesia. Decree No. 1096 of 2011 on the Hygiene and Sanitation of Catering Establishment. Available at: http://kesmas.kemkes.go.id/perpu/konten/permenkes/pmk-nomor-1096-tahun-2011-tentang-higiene-sanitasi-jasaboga. Accessed on 21/01/2018.
Lues JFR, Van Tonder I. The occurrence of indicator bacteria on hands and aprons of food handlers in the delicatessen sections of a retail group. Food Control 2007;18(4):326– 32. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2005.10.010.
Clayton DA, Griffith CJ, Price P, Peters AC. Food handlers’ beliefs and self-reported practices. Int J Environ Health Res 2002;12(1):25–39. doi: 10.1080/09603120120110031.
Cameron S, Hundy RL. An outbreak of infections with a new Salmonella phage type linked to a symptomatic food handler. Commun. Dis. Intel. Q Rep. 2002;26(4):562-7.
Beatty M, Chevy G, Shupe-RickSecker K, Bannister E, Toyota A, Lancaster K, Braden C. Large salmonella enteritis outbreak with prolonged transmission attributed to an infected food handler, Texas, 2002. Epidemiol Infection 2009;137:417-27. doi: 10.1017/S0950268808001362.
Barrabeig I, Rovira A, Buesa J, Bartolome R, Pinto R, Prellezo H, Dominguez A. (2010). Foodborne norovirus outbreak: The role of an asymptomatic food. BMC Infect Dis 2010;10:269. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-269.
World Health Organization (WHO). Food safety. Available at: http://www.who.int/foodsafety/consumer/5keys/en/. Accessed on 21/01/2018.
Martins RB, Hogg T, Otero JG. Food handlers’knowledge on foodhygiene: the case of a catering company in Portugal. Food Control 2012;23(1):184-90. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.07.008.
Putri EC, Sudaryanto S, Purwanto P. Kajian Higiene dan Sanitasi Makanan dan Minuman di Instalasi Gizi Rumah Sakit Jiwa Daerah Dr. R.M. Soedjarwadi, Klaten. Sanitasi, Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan 2016;7(4):160–7. doi: 10.29238/sanitasi.v7i4.47.
Meikawati W, Astuti R. Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Petugas Penjamah Makanan dengan Praktek Higienen dan Sanitasi Makanan di Unit Gizi RSJD Dr. Amino Gondohutomo Semarang tahun 2008. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia 2010;6(1).
Abdul-Mutalib NA, Abdul-Rashid MF, Mustafa S, Amin-Nordin S, Hamat RA, Osman M. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding Food Hygiene and Sanitation of Food Handlers in Kuala Pilah, Malaysia. Food Control 2012; 289-93. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.04.001.
Bloom BS. Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, London: Longmans, Green and Co.;1956.
De Vos AS, Fouché CB. 1998. General introduction to research design, data collection methods and data analysis. In De Vos (ed). Research at grass roots.A primer for the caring professions. Van Schaik Publishers: Pretoria. Mettam GR, Adams LB. How to prepare an electronic version of your article. In: Jones BS, Smith RZ, editors. Introduction to the electronic age. New York: E-Publishing Inc; 2009. pp. 281-304.
Green L, Selman C, Banerjee A, Marcus R, Medus R, Angulo F, Radke V, Buchanan S. Food service workers self reported food preparation practices: an EHS – Net study. Int J of Hyg Environ health 2005;208(1-2):27-35. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.01.005.
Sharif L, Obaidat MM, Al-Dalalah MR. Food Hygiene Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of the Food Handlers in the Military Hospitals. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2013;4:245-51. doi: 10.4236/fns.2013.43033.
Anuradha M, Dandekar RH. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among food handlers on food borne diseases: A hospital based study in tertiary care hospital. Int J Biomed Adv Res 2014;5(4).
Kunadu APH, Ofosu DB, Aboagye E, Tano-Debrah K. Food safety knowledge, attitudes and self-reported practices of food handlers in institutional foodservice in Accra, Ghana. Food Control 2016;69:324-30. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.05.011.
Al-Shabib NA, Mosilhey SH, Husain FM. Cross-sectional study on food safety knowledge, attitude and practices of male food handlers employed in restaurants of King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. Food Control 2016;59:212-17. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.05.002.
Ubheeram J, Biranjia-Hurdoyal SD. Effectiveness of hand hygiene education among a random sample of women from the community. J Prev Med Hyg 2017;58(1):E53-E55. doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2017.58.1.
Howes M, McEwins S, Griffitus M, Harris L. Food handler certification by home study: Measuring changes in knowledge and behaviour. Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 1996;16:737-44.
Tan SL, Bakar FA, Shahrim M, Karim A, Lee HY, Mahyudin NA. Hand hygiene knowledge, attitudes and practices among food handlers at primary schools in Hulu Langat district, Selangor (Malaysia). Food Control 2013;34(2):428-35. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.04.045.
Martin G, Dymock D, Billett S, Johnson G. In the name of meritocracy: managers' perceptions of policies and practices for training older workers. Ageing Soc 2014;34(6):992-1018. Doi: 10.1017/S0144686X12001432.
Rapiasih NW, Prawiningdyah Y, Lestari LA. Pelatihan hygiene sanitasi dan poster berpengaruh terhadap pengetahuan, perilaku penjamah makanan, dan kelaikan hygiene sanitasi di instalasi gizi RSUP Sanglah Denpasar. Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia 2010;7(2):64-73. doi: 10.22146/ijcn.17738.
Husain NRN, Wan Muda WM, Jamil NIN, Hanafi NNN, Rahman RA. Effect of food safety training on food handlers’ knowledge and practices: A randomized controlled trial. Brit Food J 2016;118(4):795-808. doi: 10.1108/BFJ-08-2015-0294.
Acikel CH, Ogur R, Yaren H, Gocgeldi E, Ucar M, Kir T. The hygiene training of food handlers at a teaching hospital. Food Control 2008;19(2):186-90. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2007.03.008.
Oh HS. Knowledge, perception and self-reported performance of hand hygiene among registered nurses of the community based hospitals in Republic of Korea: A cross-sectional multi-centre study. J Prev Med Public Health 2018;51(3):121-9. doi: 10.3961/jpmph.17.188
Kirby MP, Gardiner K. The effectiveness of hygiene training for food handlers. Int. J. Environ. Health Res 1997;7(3):251–8. doi: 10.1080/09603129773878.